topics for essay on covid 19

As the coronavirus continues to spread and confine people largely to their homes, many are filling pages with their experiences of living through a pandemic. Their diaries are told in words and pictures: pantry inventories, window views, questions about the future, concerns about the present. Taken together, the pages tell the story of an anxious, claustrophobic world on pause. “You can say anything you want, no matter what, and nobody can judge you,” Ady said in a phone interview earlier this month, speaking about her diary. “No one says, ‘scaredy-cat.’” When future historians look to write the story of life during coronavirus, these first-person accounts may prove useful. “Diaries and correspondences are a gold standard,” said Jane Kamensky, a professor of American History at Harvard University and the faculty director of the Schlesinger Library at the Radcliffe Institute. “They’re among the best evidence we have of people’s inner worlds.”

You can keep your own journal, recording your thoughts, questions, concerns and experiences of living through the coronavirus pandemic.

Not sure what to write about? Read the rest of Ms. Nierenberg’s article to find out what others around the world are recording. If you need more inspiration, here are a few writing prompts to get you started:

How has the virus disrupted your daily life? What are you missing? School, sports, competitions, extracurricular activities, social plans, vacations or anything else?

What effect has this crisis had on your own mental and emotional health?

What changes, big or small, are you noticing in the world around you?

For more ideas, see our writing prompts . We post a new one every school day, many of them now related to life during the coronavirus.

You can write in your journal every day or as often as you like. And if writing isn’t working for you right now, try a visual, audio or video diary instead.

2. Personal Narrative

As you write in your journal, you’ll probably find that your life during the pandemic is full of stories, whether serious or funny, angry or sad. If you’re so inspired, try writing about one of your experiences in a personal narrative essay.

Here’s how Mary Laura Philpott begins her essay, “ This Togetherness Is Temporary, ” about being quarantined with her teenage children:

Get this: A couple of months ago, I quit my job in order to be home more. Go ahead and laugh at the timing. I know. At the time, it was hitting me that my daughter starts high school in the fall, and my son will be a senior. Increasingly they were spending their time away from me at school, with friends, and in the many time-intensive activities that make up teenage lives. I could feel the clock ticking, and I wanted to spend the minutes I could — the minutes they were willing to give me, anyway — with them, instead of sitting in front of a computer at night and on weekends in order to juggle a job as a bookseller, a part-time gig as a television host, and a book deadline. I wanted more of them while they were still living in my house. Now here we are, all together, every day. You’re supposed to be careful what you wish for, but come on. None of us saw this coming.

Personal narratives are short, powerful stories about meaningful life experiences, big or small. Read the rest of Ms. Philpott’s essay to see how she balances telling the story of a specific moment in time and reflecting on what it all means in the larger context of her life.

To help you identify the moments that have been particularly meaningful, difficult, comical or strange during this pandemic, try responding to one of our writing prompts related to the coronavirus:

Holidays and Birthdays Are Moments to Come Together. How Are You Adapting During the Pandemic?

Has Your School Switched to Remote Learning? How Is It Going So Far?

Is the Coronavirus Pandemic Bringing Your Extended Family Closer Together?

How Is the Coronavirus Outbreak Affecting Your Life?

Another option? Use any of the images in our Picture Prompt series to inspire you to write about a memory from your life.

People have long turned to creative expression in times of crisis. During the coronavirus pandemic, artists are continuing to illustrate , play music , dance , perform — and write poetry .

That’s what Dr. Elizabeth Mitchell, an emergency room doctor in Boston, did after a long shift treating coronavirus patients. Called “ The Apocalypse ,” her poem begins like this:

This is the apocalypse A daffodil has poked its head up from the dirt and opened sunny arms to bluer skies yet I am filled with dark and anxious dread as theaters close as travel ends and grocery stores display their empty rows where toilet paper liquid bleach and bags of flour stood in upright ranks.

Read the rest of Dr. Mitchell’s poem and note the lines, images and metaphors that speak to you. Then, tap into your creative side by writing a poem inspired by your own experience of the pandemic.

Need inspiration? Try writing a poem in response to one of our Picture Prompts . Or, you can create a found poem using an article from The Times’s coronavirus outbreak coverage . If you have access to the print paper, try making a blackout poem instead.

4. Letter to the Editor

Have you been keeping up with the news about the coronavirus? What is your reaction to it?

Make your voice heard by writing a letter to the editor about a recent Times article, editorial, column or Opinion essay related to the pandemic. You can find articles in The Times’s free coronavirus coverage or The Learning Network’s coronavirus resources for students . And, if you’re a high school student, your school can get you free digital access to The New York Times from now until July 6.

To see examples, read the letters written by young people in response to recent headlines in “ How the Young Deal With the Coronavirus .” Here’s what Addie Muller from San Jose, Calif., had to say about the Opinion essay “ I’m 26. Coronavirus Sent Me to the Hospital ”:

As a high school student and a part of Generation Z, I’ve been less concerned about getting Covid-19 and more concerned about spreading it to more vulnerable populations. While I’ve been staying at home and sheltering in place (as was ordered for the state of California), many of my friends haven’t been doing the same. I know people who continue going to restaurants and have been treating the change in education as an extended spring break and excuse to spend more time with friends. I fear for my grandparents and parents, but this article showed me that we should also fear for ourselves. I appreciated seeing this article because many younger people seem to feel invincible. The fact that a healthy 26-year-old can be hospitalized means that we are all capable of getting the virus ourselves and spreading it to others. I hope that Ms. Lowenstein continues spreading her story and that she makes a full recovery soon.

As you read, note some of the defining features of a letter to the editor and what made these good enough to publish. For more advice, see these tips from Thomas Feyer, the letters editor at The Times, about how to write a compelling letter. They include:

Write briefly and to the point.

Be prepared to back up your facts with evidence.

Write about something off the beaten path.

Publishing Opportunity: When you’re ready, submit your letter to The New York Times.

5. Editorial

Maybe you have more to say than you can fit in a 150-word letter to the editor. If that’s the case, try writing an editorial about something you have a strong opinion about related to the coronavirus. What have you seen that has made you upset? Proud? Appreciative? Scared?

In “ Surviving Coronavirus as a Broke College Student ,” Sydney Goins, a senior English major at the University of Georgia, writes about the limited options for students whose colleges are now closed. Her essay begins:

College was supposed to be my ticket to financial security. My parents were the first ones to go to college in their family. My grandpa said to my mom, “You need to go to college, so you don’t have to depend on a man for money.” This same mentality was passed on to me as well. I had enough money to last until May— $1,625 to be exact — until the coronavirus ruined my finances. My mom works in human resources. My dad is a project manager for a mattress company. I worked part time at the university’s most popular dining hall and lived in a cramped house with three other students. I don’t have a car. I either walked or biked a mile to attend class. I have student debt and started paying the accrued interest last month. I was making it work until the coronavirus shut down my college town. At first, spring break was extended by two weeks with the assumption that campus would open again in late March, but a few hours after that email, all 26 colleges in the University System of Georgia canceled in-person classes and closed integral parts of campus.

Read the rest of Ms. Goins’s essay. What is her argument? How does she support it? How is it relevant to her life and the world?

Then, choose a topic related to the pandemic that you care about and write an editorial that asserts an opinion and backs it up with solid reasoning and evidence.

Not sure where to start? Try responding to some of our recent argumentative writing prompts and see what comes up for you. Here are a few we’ve asked students so far:

Should Schools Change How They Grade Students During the Pandemic?

What Role Should Celebrities Have During the Coronavirus Crisis?

Is It Immoral to Increase the Price of Goods During a Crisis?

Or, consider essential questions about the pandemic and what they tell us about our world today: What weaknesses is the coronavirus exposing in our society? How can we best help our communities right now? What lessons can we learn from this crisis? See more here.

As an alternative to a written essay, you might try creating a video Op-Ed instead, like Katherine Oung’s “ Coronavirus Racism Infected My High School. ”

Publishing Opportunity: Submit your final essay to our Student Editorial Contest , open to middle school and high school students ages 10-19, until April 21. Please be sure to read all the rules and guidelines before submitting.

Are games, television, music, books, art or movies providing you with a much-needed distraction during the pandemic? What has been working for you that you would recommend to others? Or, what would you caution others to stay away from right now?

Share your opinions by writing a review of a piece of art or culture for other teenagers who are stuck at home. You might suggest TV shows, novels, podcasts, video games, recipes or anything else. Or, try something made especially for the coronavirus era, like a virtual architecture tour , concert or safari .

As a mentor text, read Laura Cappelle’s review of French theater companies that have rushed to put content online during the coronavirus outbreak, noting how she tailors her commentary to our current reality:

The 17th-century philosopher Blaise Pascal once wrote: “The sole cause of people’s unhappiness is that they do not know how to stay quietly in their rooms.” Yet at a time when much of the world has been forced to hunker down, French theater-makers are fighting to fill the void by making noise online.

She continues:

Under the circumstances, it would be churlish to complain about artists’ desire to connect with audiences in some fashion. Theater, which depends on crowds gathering to watch performers at close quarters, is experiencing significant loss and upheaval, with many stagings either delayed indefinitely or canceled outright. But a sampling of stopgap offerings often left me underwhelmed.

To get inspired you might start by responding to our related Student Opinion prompt with your recommendations. Then turn one of them into a formal review.

7. How-to Guide

Being stuck at home with nowhere to go is the perfect time to learn a new skill. What are you an expert at that you can you teach someone?

The Times has created several guides that walk readers through how to do something step-by-step, for example, this eight-step tutorial on how to make a face mask . Read through the guide, noting how the author breaks down each step into an easily digestible action, as well as how the illustrations support comprehension.

Then, create your own how-to guide for something you could teach someone to do during the pandemic. Maybe it’s a recipe you’ve perfected, a solo sport you’ve been practicing, or a FaceTime tutorial for someone who’s never video chatted before.

Whatever you choose, make sure to write clearly so anyone anywhere could try out this new skill. As an added challenge, include an illustration, photo, or audio or video clip with each step to support the reader’s understanding.

8. 36 Hours Column

For nearly two decades, The Times has published a weekly 36 Hours column , giving readers suggestions for how to spend a weekend in cities all over the globe.

While traveling for fun is not an option now, the Travel section decided to create a special reader-generated column of how to spend a weekend in the midst of a global pandemic. The result? “ 36 Hours in … Wherever You Are .” Here’s how readers suggest spending a Sunday morning:

8 a.m. Changing routines Make small discoveries. To stretch my legs during the lockdown, I’ve been walking around the block every day, and I’ve started to notice details that I’d never seen before. Like the fake, painted window on the building across the road, or the old candle holders that were once used as part of the street lighting. When the quarantine ends, I hope we don’t forget to appreciate what’s been on a doorstep all along. — Camilla Capasso, Modena, Italy 10:30 a.m. Use your hands Undertake the easiest and most fulfilling origami project of your life by folding 12 pieces of paper and building this lovely star . Modular origami has been my absolute favorite occupational therapy since I was a restless child: the process is enthralling and soothing. — Laila Dib, Berlin, Germany 12 p.m. Be isolated, together Check on neighbors on your block or floor with an email, text or phone call, or leave a card with your name and contact information. Are they OK? Do they need something from the store? Help with an errand? Food? Can you bring them a hot dish or home-baked bread? This simple act — done carefully and from a safe distance — palpably reduces our sense of fear and isolation. I’ve seen the faces of some neighbors for the first time. Now they wave. — Jim Carrier, Burlington, Vt.

Read the entire article. As you read, consider: How would this be different if it were written by teenagers for teenagers?

Then, create your own 36 Hours itinerary for teenagers stuck at home during the pandemic with ideas for how to spend the weekend wherever they are.

The 36 Hours editors suggest thinking “within the spirit of travel, even if many of us are housebound.” For example: an album or a song playlist; a book or movie that transports you; a particular recipe you love; or a clever way to virtually connect with family and friends. See more suggestions here .

9. Photo Essay

Daily life looks very different now. Unusual scenes are playing out in homes, parks, grocery stores and streets across the country.

In “ New York Was Not Designed for Emptiness ,” New York Times photographers document what life in New York City looks like amid the pandemic. It begins:

The lights are still on in Times Square. Billboards blink and storefronts shine in neon. If only there were an audience for this spectacle. But the thoroughfares have been abandoned. The energy that once crackled along the concrete has eased. The throngs of tourists, the briskly striding commuters, the honking drivers have mostly skittered away. In their place is a wistful awareness that plays across all five boroughs: Look how eerie our brilliant landscape has become. Look how it no longer bustles. This is not the New York City anyone signed up for.

Read the rest of the essay and view the photos. As you read, note the photos or lines in the text that grab your attention most. Why do they stand out to you?

What does the pandemic look like where you live? Create your own photo essay, accompanied by a written piece, that illustrates your life now. In your essay, consider how you can communicate a particular theme or message about life during the pandemic through both your photos and words, like in the article you read.

Publishing Opportunity: The International Center of Photography is collecting a virtual archive of images related to the coronavirus pandemic. Learn how to submit yours here.

10. Comic Strip

Sometimes, words alone just won’t do. Visual mediums, like comics, have the advantage of being able to express emotion, reveal inner monologues, and explain complex subjects in ways that words on their own seldom can.

If anything proves this point, it is the Opinion section’s ongoing visual diary, “ Art in Isolation .” Scroll through this collection to see clever and poignant illustrations about life in these uncertain times. Read the comic “ Finding Connection When Home Alone ” by Gracey Zhang from this collection. As you read, note what stands out to you about the writing and illustrations. What lessons could they have for your own piece?

Then, create your own comic strip, modeled after the one you read, that explores some aspect of life during the pandemic. You can sketch and color your comic with paper and pen, or use an online tool like MakeBeliefsComix.com .

Need inspiration? If you’re keeping a quarantine journal, as we suggested above, you might create a graphic story based on a week of your life, or just a small part of it — like the meals you ate, the video games you played, or the conversations you had with friends over text. For more ideas, check out our writing prompts related to the coronavirus.

11. Podcast

Modern Love Podcast: In the Midst of the Coronavirus Pandemic, People Share Their Love Stories

Are you listening to any podcasts to help you get through the pandemic? Are they keeping you up-to-date on the news? Offering advice? Or just helping you escape from it all?

Create your own five-minute podcast segment that responds to the coronavirus in some way.

To get an idea of the different genres and formats your podcast could take, listen to one or more of these five-minute clips from three New York Times podcast episodes related to the coronavirus:

“ The Daily | Voices of the Pandemic ” (1:15-6:50)

“ Still Processing | A Pod From Both Our Houses ” (0:00-4:50)

“ Modern Love | In the Midst of the Coronavirus Pandemic, People Share Their Love Stories ” (1:30-6:30)

Use these as models for your own podcast. Consider the different narrative techniques they use to relate an experience of the pandemic — interviews, nonfiction storytelling and conversation — as well as how they create an engaging listening experience.

Need ideas for what to talk about? You might try translating any of the writing projects above into podcast form. Or turn to our coronavirus-related writing prompts for inspiration.

Publishing Opportunity: Submit your finished five-minute podcast to our Student Podcast Contest , which is open through May 19. Please read all the rules and guidelines before submitting.

12. Revise and Edit

“It doesn’t matter how good you think you are as a writer — the first words you put on the page are a first draft,” Harry Guinness writes in “ How to Edit Your Own Writing .”

Editing your work may seem like something you do quickly — checking for spelling mistakes just before you turn in your essay — but Mr. Guinness argues it’s a project in its own right:

The time you put into editing, reworking and refining turns your first draft into a second — and then into a third and, if you keep at it, eventually something great. The biggest mistake you can make as a writer is to assume that what you wrote the first time through was good enough.

Read the rest of the article for a step-by-step guide to editing your own work. Then, revise one of the pieces you have written, following Mr. Guinness’s advice.

Publishing Opportunity: When you feel like your piece is “something great,” consider submitting it to one of the publishing opportunities we’ve suggested above. Or, see our list of 70-plus places that publish teenage writing and art to find more.

Essay Writing Guide

Essay Topics

Interesting Essay Topics to Ensure A Better Grade

25 min read

Published on: Sep 16, 2017

Last updated on: Jan 23, 2023

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Essays are hard to start.

It's especially challenging when you have to keep track of all the things your professor wants in your paper

Essay assignments can be confusing and overwhelming. There are so many different types of essays, and each professor seems to have a different set of requirements. You might feel like you have too many options or are unsure of what the professor is looking for.

With over 380+ topics to choose from, you're sure to find one that fits your assignment perfectly. Our extensive list of essay topics has everything you need to get started on your next writing project. From fresh, innovative ideas to classic prompts, we have it all covered. Whatever type of essay you're looking to write, we have a topic for you.

Let's dive right in!

Tips for Choosing the Best Topics

The topic of your essay is the most important part. If your topic is not good, it will be hard to write a good paper.

The best topics are the ones you can easily write about. When choosing your essay topic, think about your audience.

If your audience doesn't know a lot about the topic, don't choose a topic that is too technical or specialized. Also, think about what would be interesting for your readers. What would they like to learn about?

The following essay topic ideas will help you impress your teacher and get a better score.

Covid-19 Topics

Essay Topics for Different Types of Essays

For writing an essay , the first step is to decide on the topic.

You might think that it is better when teachers assign you a topic. But having the right to come up with your own ideas is always better.

Here you can find interesting topics and ideas for different types of essays to help you get started.

Controversial Argumentative Essay Topics

Funny Argumentative Essay Topics

Looking for more argument essay topics? We have a detailed list of more good argumentative essay topics for your help.

Persuasive Essay Topics

Explore our detailed guide on persuasive essay topics and find a hot topic or a good idea for your paper.

Cause and Effect Essay Topics

Compare and Contrast Essay Topics

If you need more ideas, here are some interesting compare contrast essay topics for your help.

Narrative Essay Topics

Expository Essay Topics

Here are some more interesting expository essay topics for your help.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Topics

The best way to write an interesting essay is by choosing one of our many rhetorical analysis essay topics .

Analytical Essay Topics

Follow the link to get some more ideas and interesting analytical essay topics to begin writing.

Descriptive Essay Topics

Our essay writers have gathered a huge list of descriptive essay topics ideas for your help. Give it a thorough read.

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You can choose from a wide variety of interesting informative essay topics to meet your needs.

Definition Essay Topics

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Process Analysis Essay Topics

The best way to write an essay is by coming up with a topic that you're passionate about. If your interests are narrow, then be sure to check out some other process analysis essay topics for inspiration!

Illustration Essay Topics

If you're stuck on what topic to write about, check out these creative and engaging illustration essay topics .

Exploratory Essay Topics

Classification Essay Topics

We hope that by now you have a good topic for your essay. If not, check out these other classification essay topics .

Synthesis Essay Topics

We hope that you will find the perfect topic for your essay. If there's a specific kind of subject matter which interests you, be sure to check out more synthesis essay topics .

Good Essay Topics for Students

The following are lists of ideas for essays on various topics for students.

Essay Topics for Kids

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Essay Topics for Middle School Students

What are some good essay topics for middle school?

Remember, middle schoolers, your final grade also depends on the topic you choose for your essay. Many middle school students find it difficult to come up with an interesting topic for their essays. For your help, we have provided you with interesting essay topic ideas that you can choose from.

Essay Topics for Grade 6

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Essay Topics for Grade 12

Essay Topics for High School Students

Finding an interesting essay topic for a high school essay is not an easy task. That's why our experts have curated a list of interesting topics for your help.

Have a look at the following topics for high school essays to come up with your own ideas.

Essay Topics for College Students

Teachers expect more from college students. Therefore coming up with ideas that can grab the teacher’s attention is an important yet difficult task to accomplish. To help college students, here are some interesting topic ideas to make the start of your essay writing much easier.

Essay Topics by Subjects

During the course of any subject, teachers ask students to write essays related to one general topic. The variety of subtopics can easily confuse students to make up a good essay topic. To help such students, here is a list of essay topics by subjects to choose from.

Essay Topics on Languages

Essay Topics on Social Media

Essay Topics on Technology

Essay Topics on Current Affairs

Essay Topics on Corruption

Essay Topics on Climate Change

Essay Topics on Democracy

Essay Topics on Social Issues

Essay Topics on Current Issues

Essay Topics About Mental Health

Essay Topics about Music

Essay Topics About Love

Essay Topics About Yourself

Essay Topics About the Environment

Feel free to choose from the above topics and start writing your essay confidently.

Get Essay Help On Any Topic From Expert Writers

Keep in mind that your essay topic accounts for 50% of its success. It plays an important role to get the attention of readers and invoke their interest.

If you decide on a good argumentative topic and support it with relevant discussion, you will definitely get a good grade. Otherwise, you can also hire a professional essay writer online .

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Essay on COVID-19 Pandemic

As a result of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) outbreak, daily life has been negatively affected, impacting the worldwide economy. Thousands of individuals have been sickened or died as a result of the outbreak of this disease. When you have the flu or a viral infection, the most common symptoms include fever, cold, coughing up bone fragments, and difficulty breathing, which may progress to pneumonia. It’s important to take major steps like keeping a strict cleaning routine, keeping social distance, and wearing masks, among other things. This virus’s geographic spread is accelerating (Daniel Pg 93). Governments restricted public meetings during the start of the pandemic to prevent the disease from spreading and breaking the exponential distribution curve. In order to avoid the damage caused by this extremely contagious disease, several countries quarantined their citizens. However, this scenario had drastically altered with the discovery of the vaccinations. The research aims to investigate the effect of the Covid-19 epidemic and its impact on the population’s well-being.

There is growing interest in the relationship between social determinants of health and health outcomes. Still, many health care providers and academics have been hesitant to recognize racism as a contributing factor to racial health disparities. Only a few research have examined the health effects of institutional racism, with the majority focusing on interpersonal racial and ethnic prejudice Ciotti et al., Pg 370. The latter comprises historically and culturally connected institutions that are interconnected. Prejudice is being practiced in a variety of contexts as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. In some ways, the outbreak has exposed pre-existing bias and inequity.

Thousands of businesses are in danger of failure. Around 2.3 billion of the world’s 3.3 billion employees are out of work. These workers are especially susceptible since they lack access to social security and adequate health care, and they’ve also given up ownership of productive assets, which makes them highly vulnerable. Many individuals lose their employment as a result of lockdowns, leaving them unable to support their families. People strapped for cash are often forced to reduce their caloric intake while also eating less nutritiously (Fraser et al, Pg 3). The epidemic has had an impact on the whole food chain, revealing vulnerabilities that were previously hidden. Border closures, trade restrictions, and confinement measures have limited farmer access to markets, while agricultural workers have not gathered crops. As a result, the local and global food supply chain has been disrupted, and people now have less access to healthy foods. As a consequence of the epidemic, many individuals have lost their employment, and millions more are now in danger. When breadwinners lose their jobs, become sick, or die, the food and nutrition of millions of people are endangered. Particularly severely hit are the world’s poorest small farmers and indigenous peoples.

Infectious illness outbreaks and epidemics have become worldwide threats due to globalization, urbanization, and environmental change. In developed countries like Europe and North America, surveillance and health systems monitor and manage the spread of infectious illnesses in real-time. Both low- and high-income countries need to improve their public health capacities (Omer et al., Pg 1767). These improvements should be financed using a mix of national and foreign donor money. In order to speed up research and reaction for new illnesses with pandemic potential, a global collaborative effort including governments and commercial companies has been proposed. When working on a vaccine-like COVID-19, cooperation is critical.

The epidemic has had an impact on the whole food chain, revealing vulnerabilities that were previously hidden. Border closures, trade restrictions, and confinement measures have limited farmer access to markets, while agricultural workers have been unable to gather crops. As a result, the local and global food supply chain has been disrupted, and people now have less access to healthy foods (Daniel et al.,Pg 95) . As a consequence of the epidemic, many individuals have lost their employment, and millions more are now in danger. When breadwinners lose their jobs, the food and nutrition of millions of people are endangered. Particularly severely hit are the world’s poorest small farmers and indigenous peoples.

While helping to feed the world’s population, millions of paid and unpaid agricultural laborers suffer from high levels of poverty, hunger, and bad health, as well as a lack of safety and labor safeguards, as well as other kinds of abuse at work. Poor people, who have no recourse to social assistance, must work longer and harder, sometimes in hazardous occupations, endangering their families in the process (Daniel Pg 96). When faced with a lack of income, people may turn to hazardous financial activities, including asset liquidation, predatory lending, or child labor, to make ends meet. Because of the dangers they encounter while traveling, working, and living abroad; migrant agricultural laborers are especially vulnerable. They also have a difficult time taking advantage of government assistance programs.

The pandemic also has a significant impact on education. Although many educational institutions across the globe have already made the switch to online learning, the extent to which technology is utilized to improve the quality of distance or online learning varies. This level is dependent on several variables, including the different parties engaged in the execution of this learning format and the incorporation of technology into educational institutions before the time of school closure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. For many years, researchers from all around the globe have worked to determine what variables contribute to effective technology integration in the classroom Ciotti et al., Pg 371. The amount of technology usage and the quality of learning when moving from a classroom to a distant or online format are presumed to be influenced by the same set of variables. Findings from previous research, which sought to determine what affects educational systems ability to integrate technology into teaching, suggest understanding how teachers, students, and technology interact positively in order to achieve positive results in the integration of teaching technology (Honey et al., 2000). Teachers’ views on teaching may affect the chances of successfully incorporating technology into the classroom and making it a part of the learning process.

In conclusion, indeed, Covid 19 pandemic have affected the well being of the people in a significant manner. The economy operation across the globe have been destabilized as most of the people have been rendered jobless while the job operation has been stopped. As most of the people have been rendered jobless the living conditions of the people have also been significantly affected. Besides, the education sector has also been affected as most of the learning institutions prefer the use of online learning which is not effective as compared to the traditional method. With the invention of the vaccines, most of the developed countries have been noted to stabilize slowly, while the developing countries have not been able to vaccinate most of its citizens. However, despite the challenge caused by the pandemic, organizations have been able to adapt the new mode of online trading to be promoted.

Ciotti, Marco, et al. “The COVID-19 pandemic.” Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences 57.6 (2020): 365-388.

Daniel, John. “Education and the COVID-19 pandemic.” Prospects 49.1 (2020): 91-96.

Fraser, Nicholas, et al. “Preprinting the COVID-19 pandemic.” BioRxiv (2021): 2020-05.

Omer, Saad B., Preeti Malani, and Carlos Del Rio. “The COVID-19 pandemic in the US: a clinical update.” Jama 323.18 (2020): 1767-1768.

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Similar essay samples.

COVID-19 Coronavirus Essay

Excerpt from Essay :

COVID-19 Coronavirus Abstract First appearing in China in late 2019, the novel Coronavirus COVID-19 has become the most significant global pandemic event in a century. As of October 28, 2020 the total number of cases worldwide was 44 million with 1.17 million deaths. The United States has had an extremely politicized response to the virus, and despite having less than five percent of the world’s population, the U.S. has had more than 20 percent of the world’s COVID-19 cases with 8.85 million cases and 227 thousand deaths. Currently, it seems unlikely that COVID-19 will be under control and people able to resume their normal lives until late 2021. In this essay, we discuss what Coronavirus is, what COVID-19 is, where it originated, the health impact of the disease, risk factors , efforts to contain the spread of the disease, the economic impact of the disease, and how COVID-19 may be impacting the 2020 United States Presidential election. COVID-19 Coronavirus Essay Titles Global Pandemic or Global Panic? The Facts About the Coronavirus Mask Not What You Can Do for Your Country Preventing Coronavirus Is Easy, Treating It Can Be Hard Mask Mandates: Constitutional Violation or Appropriate Government Intervention? How Government Leaders Have Responded to the Coronavirus Pandemic COVID-19 Coronavirus Essay Topics Are mask mandates to prevent the spread of the coronavirus constitutional? Many people suggest that mask mandates are a violation of their constitutional rights. Has the Supreme Court previously considered the question in other pandemics or addressed similar questions in other contexts? What have the results been? Would those results support a claim that mask mandates are constitutional? Is Coronavirus really as deadly as they say it is? With variations in fatality rates depending on the country and pre-existing conditions, is the Coronavirus as dangerous as people initially thought it was? How President Trump’s successful treatment for COVID-19 highlights the interrelationship between wealth, access to healthcare , and treatment outcomes for people infected with the Coronavirus. Current best practices to prevent the spread of COVID-19 as people head into cold and flu season. Discuss the steps people should take to prevent transmission of the virus, whether any early steps have proven unhelpful, and whether people need to get their Flu shots since people are already taking precautions to prevent COVID-19 transmission. Is COVID-19 likely to be only the first global pandemic of the coming century? Many prominent people have been predicting a pandemic event for several years; is COVID-19 an indicator of things to come, or a once-in-a-century type event? COVID-19 Coronavirus Essay Outline I. Introduction A. Define COVID-19 B. Where COVID-19 originated C. Health Impact of COVID-19 D. Risk Factors E. Efforts to Contain the Spread F. Economic Impact of COVID-19 G. COVID-19 and the 2020 Presidential Election H. Thesis: Although it is easy to see the immediate real-life impact of COVID-19 on global health, welfare, and economy, it is more difficult to predict the lasting effects of the pandemic, which could continue to impact people for the next several decades. II. Define COVID-19 A. Coronavirus B. Novel C. 19 III. Origination A. Wuhan wet-market B. European strain C. Other theories IV. Health Impact of COVID-19 A. Symptoms B. Prognosis C. Mortality V. Risk Factors A. Health B. Demographics C. Wealth VI. Economic Impact of COVID-19 A. US B. Global C. Projections VII. COVID-19 and the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election A. Americans upset with Trump’s response to coronavirus. B. Some Americans upset with more restrictive measures. C. Trump does not support restrictive measures. D. Biden supports restrictive measures. VIII. New Coronavirus Wave in U.S. IX. Conclusion Essay Title: The Coronavirus Is Real and It Kills Economies as Well as People Hook Sentence: Almost a year ago, COVID-19, a novel coronavirus, first emerged as a major health epidemic in China; now, it has spread around the globe, not only killing people but also bringing economies to a halt. Introduction While most people are aware that there is a global COVID-19 pandemic currently impacting people, there has been a sufficient amount of intentional and unintentional misinformation about this strain of the coronavirus that many people do not understand the extent of the problem. The COVID-19 pandemic is the most significant epidemic or pandemic event to hit the world since the Spanish Flu in the 1918 and 1919. By the end of that pandemic, between three and five percent of the world’s population had died as a result of a particularly virulent strain of influenza (Roos, 2020). It also led to a massive economic struggle for people around the globe, including thrusting the United States into a two-year depression. This pandemic event shares many similarities, but also some significant differences with the Spanish Flu including. Ways that it is similar include the health impacts of the disease, some of the risk factors, and containment efforts. Ways that it is different include overall mortality rates , the economic impact of the disease, and how COVID-19 influences politics . Thesis Statement Although a smaller percentage of people around the globe are likely to die from COVID-19 than died from the Spanish flu, it is likely that COVID-19 will have a more dramatic and long-lasting economy on global politics, economy, and long-term health than the Spanish Flu pandemic. Body The coronavirus known as COVID-19 is one of many coronaviruses. It is often called a novel virus because it was first identified in humans in 2019. The term coronavirus refers to zoonotic viruses that cause illnesses in animals and can be transmitted from animals to humans. There are several types of coronaviruses, but most of them cause mild illnesses in people. However, there have been some other significant coronaviruses that have caused local epidemics and had pandemic potential, such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). Although the term refers to a range of illnesses, they generally seem to target the respiratory system and produce symptoms that range from mild to pneumonia and death. COVID-19 has a more dramatic impact on many people’s health than prior coronavirus infections. It also has a wider range of impact. In some people, it can be asymptomatic. In others it can cause respiratory and gastrointestinal problems. For those most severely impacted by the disease, it can impair breathing and cause organ failure, resulting in death. COVID-19 is believed to have originated in Wuhan-China and that the initial point of animal-to-human transmission occurred in a market selling both live and dead animals for human consumption. The genetics of the virus suggests that it originally began in a bat, but it may have passed through other types of animals before landing in humans. The disease appears to have the ability to evolve rapidly, with different strands impacting different areas of the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 (Cucinotta & Vanelli, 2020). The health impact of COVID-19 depends on a number of factors. For many people, the symptoms of COVID-19 may, indeed, by similar to a regular seasonal flu. In fact, many people have the disease and are asymptomatic. This had led to dangerous statements that COVID-19 is no more dangerous than the flu, which …capacity have caused businesses, especially small businesses, to shut down around the world. While countries with more robust social welfare programs may not have seen the same extent of impact, no countries that have had active pandemic infections have been spared economic consequences. In addition, because the economy is global, even those countries that have been successful at reducing the impact of COVID-19 on their population have experienced economic problems. COVID-19 is currently causing recession conditions in many countries, and, if it follows the same pattern as the Spanish Flu, it will lead to at least short periods of economic depression in most countries, worldwide. Another way that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the world is through politics. The response by political leaders has led to very different reactions in different parts of the world. In the United States, President Trump intentionally downplayed the risks of the disease and his administration gave misleading information to the public, such as initially suggesting that masks made one more susceptible to the disease. These efforts, which appear to have been motivated by a desire to avoid financial panic, may have contributed to rapid transmission rates in the country. They also seem to have helped bolster people who believe mask mandates are unconstitutional. Trump’s coronavirus response is expected to play a major role in the 2020 election, which may be impacted by the fact that Trump and several key Republicans contracted COVID-19 in September. The number of super-spreader events over the summer and a lax approach by some state and federal officials seems to have had an impact on the spread of COVID-19. While it was under control in many areas, it is now surging throughout most of the United States. In fact, virus numbers are rising in all but nine states (Meyer, 2020). What seems to make this newest wave of coronavirus different from the first two major waves to impact the U.S. is that there does not appear to be an epicenter of infection; instead, it is widespread making containment efforts more difficult. At this point in time, approximately 1 in every 1,000 Americans has tested positive for the virus, without about 2 in every 100,000 Americans having died from hit (Meyer, 2020). The country is experiencing extremely high single-day totals, and spread seems likely as voters head out to the polls for the elections, which places them at risk of contracting and spreading the disease, especially in areas that are not following safety protocols. In one week, the nation added over half a million cases and because many states are not taking any type of lockdown steps, these numbers can be expected to rise. Despite these rising numbers, the White House was reporting ending the pandemic as one of President Trump’s accomplishments on October 28, 2020 (Kelly, 2020). Conclusion While it may be true that the Coronavirus will probably kill a smaller percentage of the world’s population than the Spanish Flu killed, it would be a mistake to call it a less severe pandemic. The modern world is much more global than the world was a century in the past. Therefore, any problem significantly impacting health and the economy in a single region has a much broader impact. This global economy and easy and rapid transport helped the pandemic spread far more quickly than it could have in a less global environment. It also means that the economic impact of the pandemic on areas that have been hit the hardest has spread to areas across the globe. As a result, it seems likely that the extent of COVID-19’s full impact on the…

Sources Used in Documents:

References Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC). “Herd Immunity. APIC.org. 3 September 2020. https://apic.org/monthly_alerts/herd-immunity/ . Accessed 17 October 2020. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “People at Increased Risk.” CDC. 11 September 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fpeople-at-increased-risk.html . Accessed 17 October 2020. Cucinotta, D. and Vanelli, M. “WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic.” Acta Biomed, 91(1):157-160. 19 March 2020. doi 10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397. https://www.mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/actabiomedica/article/view/9397 . Accessed 17 October 2020. DeMarco, C. “COVID-19 and the Flu Vaccine: What You Need to Know.” MD Anderson Cancer Center. 20 August 2020. https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/should-you-get-the-flu-vaccine-during-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.h00-159384312.html . Accessed 17 October 2020. Kelly, C. “White House Listing Ending COVID-19 Pandemic as an Accomplishment Despite Cases Spiking to Record Levels.” CNN. 28 October 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/27/politics/white-house-ending-covid-19-pandemic-accomplishment-record-cases-spike/index.html . Accessed 28 October 2020. Meyer, R. “The Coronavirus Surge that Will Define the Next Four Years.” The Atlantic. 22 October 2020. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/10/coronavirus-election-day-surge/616822/ . Accessed 28 October 2020. Rods, D. “When WWI, Pandemic, and Slump Ended, Americans Sprung into the Roaring Twenties.” History. 24 April 2020. https://www.history.com/news/pandemic-world-war-i-roaring-twenties . Accessed 17 October 2020. Viglione, G. “How Many People Has the Coronavirus Killed?” Nature. 1 September 2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02497-w . Accessed 17 October 2020.

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Coronavirus Covid 19 in the United States

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COVID 19 Evaluation and Assessment

Keywords: corona virus, coronavirus, covid, covid-19 The patient in the present scenario presents with low grade fever, cough, shortness of breath, as well as back ache. It is also important to note that the patient suffers from gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. The patient is a 54-year-old male. Some of the symptoms that the patient presents are consistent with COVID-19 symptoms. The main COVID-19 symptoms are inclusive of difficulty

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Covid 19 Pandemic Continues To Threaten the Survival of Human Service OrganizationsCovid 19 has impacted the physical, mental, and social lives of human beings from all dimensions. Despite the growing needs of social services firms or community-based organizations (CBOs), they struggle to fulfill those needs (Tsega et al., 2020). They have dwindling resources to meet the requirements of such individuals. Government and funding agencies are also out of techniques and

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A guide to writing the covid-19 essay for the common app.

Students can use the Common App's new Covid-19 essay to expand on their experiences during the ... [+] pandemic.

Covid-19 has heavily impacted students applying to colleges in this application cycle. High schools have gone virtual, extracurricular activities have been canceled and family situations might have changed. Having recognized this, the Common App added a new optional 250-word essay that will give universities a chance to understand the atypical high school experience students have had. The prompt will be:

“Community disruptions such as COVID-19 and natural disasters can have deep and long-lasting impacts. If you need it, this space is yours to describe those impacts. Colleges care about the effects on your health and well-being, safety, family circumstances, future plans, and education, including access to reliable technology and quiet study spaces.”

Should I Write About The Coronavirus Pandemic?

For many high schoolers, the pandemic will have had a lasting impact on their education and everyday lives. Some students might have had a negative experience: a parent laid off or furloughed, limited access to online classes or a family member (or the student) having fallen ill from the virus.

Other students might have had the opposite experience. Even though they might have undergone a few negative events or stressful times, they might have learned something new, started a new project or gained a new perspective that changed their future major or career choice.

If you fit into either of these categories, writing the optional essay might be a good idea.

Remember, the admission officers have also been dealing with the crisis and understand the situation students are going through. They are well aware that the AP exams were administered remotely, SAT/ACT test dates were canceled and numerous schools transitioned to a virtual learning model. There is likely no need to reiterate this in an essay unless there was a direct impact on an aspect of your application.

The ‘Backsies’ Billionaire: Texan Builds Second Fortune From Wreckage Of Real Estate Empire He’d Sold

After $1 trillion lost to inflation, consumers’ resilience has reached the breaking point, fc barcelona return to four man midfield for athletic bilbao clash, what not to write .

As with every college essay you write, it is important to think about the tone and word choice. You want to remain sensitive to the plight of other students during this global crisis. While every student has likely been affected by the pandemic, the level of impact will vary greatly. For some, classes moved online, but life remained more or less the same. For these types of students, it might not be a strategic move to write about the coronavirus if you don’t have anything meaningful, unique or personal to say. If you only have a limited time to impress the admission officer, you want to ensure that each word is strategically thought out and showcases a new aspect of your personality.

Using this space as a time to complain about how you weren’t able to go to the beach, see friends or eat out could be seen as you flaunting your privilege. Careful consideration of how you portray yourself will be key.

Nearly every student has had an activity or event canceled. It likely won’t be a good use of your word count lamenting on the missed opportunities. Instead, it would be more illuminating to talk about how you remained flexible and pivoted to other learning opportunities.

How To Write The Covid-19 Essay

The Covid-19 essay was introduced so universities could gain a better understanding of how their applicants have had their lives and education disrupted due to the pandemic. You’ll want to give the admission officers context to understand your experiences better.

Here are some examples of how to write this optional essay.

Covid-19 Essay for School Counselors

It’s not just students who will get to submit an additional statement regarding the impact of the coronavirus: Counselors will also get a chance to submit a 500-word essay. Their prompt will be:

Your school may have made adjustments due to community disruptions such as COVID–19 or natural disasters. If you have not already addressed those changes in your uploaded school profile or elsewhere, you can elaborate here. Colleges are especially interested in understanding changes to:

The counselor’s response will populate to all the applications of students from the high school. They will cover any school or district policies that have impacted students. No specific student details will be included.

Students can ask to see a copy of this statement so they know what information has already been shared with colleges. For example, if the school states that classes went virtual starting in March, you don’t need to repeat that in your Covid-19 essay.

Should I Write About The Covid-19 In My Personal Statement?

The world before Covid-19 might seem like a distant memory, but you did spend more than 15 years engaging in a multitude of meaningful activities and developing your passions. It’s important to define yourself from more than just the coronavirus crisis. You likely will want to spend the personal statement distinguishing yourself from other applicants. With the Covid-19 optional essay and the additional information section, you should have plenty of space to talk about how you’ve changed—for better or for worse—due to the pandemic. Use the personal statement to talk about who you were before quarantining.

10 COVID-19 lessons that will change the post-pandemic future

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Majority of consumers willing to pay more for goods which use scarce natural resources - ipsos survey, ending hunger and poverty are the top priorities for global public: forum, ipsos poll, confidence in covid-19 vaccines continues to rise, ipsos-forum poll shows.

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Essays on COVID-19.

9 samples on this topic

At the time of writing, the total number of COVID deaths in the US is higher than the number of American soldiers who died in WW1. The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced our lives, affected literally everyone, and changed the world in lots of ways. Businesses have faced a lot of challenges, the tourism sector has been hard hit by lockdowns, the stock market has crashed – no industry left untouched during the coronavirus pandemic. Right now, we are only beginning to realize how hard did COVID-19 hit the US and the entire world – there is simply not enough data on the disease yet, so writing a research paper on this topic might be quite a hard task.

To make COVID-19 essays writing easier and help students draw inspiration, we've collected dozens of paper examples on the topic. In our directory, you can search essays , research papers, and thesis samples provided by experts in the field. All materials are available for free and can be used to your advantage as a source of COVID-19 essay topics and ideas for an original paper, as a model to follow perfect content structuring and actionable insights on proper formatting.

Alternatively, you can take advantage of WowEssays.com writing service. Experienced writers are ready to help you write a perfect essay example on COVID-19 fast and affordably.

Humanities Essay Examples

Thesis Statement: Both John Wesley and Martin Luther King remain outstanding figures in history on grounds of their unprecedented commitment to religious reforms and antagonistic approach to unfair socio-political practices.

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

There is a current outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease Find out more →

Health topics /

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. However, some will become seriously ill and require medical attention. Older people and those with underlying medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Anyone can get sick with COVID-19 and become seriously ill or die at any age.

The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the disease and how the virus spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by staying at least 1 metre apart from others, wearing a properly fitted mask, and washing your hands or using an alcohol-based rub frequently. Get vaccinated when it’s your turn and follow local guidance.

The virus can spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose in small liquid particles when they cough, sneeze, speak, sing or breathe. These particles range from larger respiratory droplets to smaller aerosols. It is important to practice respiratory etiquette, for example by coughing into a flexed elbow, and to stay home and self-isolate until you recover if you feel unwell.

Stay informed:

To prevent infection and to slow transmission of COVID-19, do the following:

COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization.

Most common symptoms:

loss of taste or smell.

Less common symptoms:

Serious symptoms:

Seek immediate medical attention if you have serious symptoms. Always call before visiting your doctor or health facility.

People with mild symptoms who are otherwise healthy should manage their symptoms at home.

On average it takes 5–6 days from when someone is infected with the virus for symptoms to show, however it can take up to 14 days.

Considerations for implementing and adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Human Resource Management

The emergence and spread of COVID- 19 pandemic impacted human resource management and working practices differently, for example, remote working has now become a norm, and other working methods have become flexible (Butterick & Charlwood, 2021). During the pandemic, workers could enhance and secure paid sick leave, safety measures, and work share arrangements that saved their jobs and additional premium payments. The crisis impacted some benefits for the workers. The research paper will discuss the impact of Coronavirus on human resource management.

According to the latest data, pandemic-based benefits were built as some industries worked tirelessly to retain workers. For instance, in Australia, many public administration, healthcare, and social assistance employees reported a negative pandemic impact. It is because they could work remotely, and their respective employers decided to retain them as they worked from the comfort of their homes instead of laying them off (Schultz, 2021). Nevertheless, since the pandemic, most industries have frozen hiring, while others still have hired during the pandemic.

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the actuality of the failure of U.S labor laws to protect the working people. Nevertheless, workers’ rights advocates and union leaders urged the policymakers to mend and reform the broken systems. They warned against the erosion of unions which would contribute to a threatened democracy and increased economic inequalities. Despite all the efforts, the United States was caught by the pandemic with a frail labor protection system with extreme economic inequalities (Butterick & Charlwood, 2021). It contributed to low-wage workers, especially workers and women of color, significantly bearing the pandemic’s cost.

Most workers had to work without safety gear; they were fired when they spoke up about safety and health concerns and were denied access to paid sick leave. There was a need for reforms in the U.S. labor system. Unified voices in the workplace enable workers to cooperate, and through unions, they can secure paid sick time, enhanced safety measures, and additional premium payments. Workers represented by unions have a voice to negotiate terms for work-share measures to save their jobs and how their employers navigate the pandemic. Unionized workers have an advantage over nonunionized workers (Schultz, 2021). Unionized workers were able to set the standards for their salaries and benefits that would help all the workers. Workers’ health, safety, and lives depend on their ability to voice their workplace concerns.

It is crucial to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and the working people. The coronavirus outbreak declined the employment rate in March due to the fear of the spread of the disease and the measures of social distances. Most of the unnecessary parts of the economy were shut down by the social-distancing measures put in place by the government of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic impact was felt, and it is still felt broadly but not equally because individuals with low wages experience a more incredible job loss (Butterick & Charlwood, 2021). It is because most low wages jobs were in the sectors that were hit more as they involved more social contact, like events, bars, and restaurants, among many others.

Furthermore, there was a lot of discrimination and occupational segregation caused by ethnic and racial differences in the labor market. Latinx, Asian American, and black communities experienced much more significant job loss due to the pandemic. Nevertheless, during this time, white non-Hispanic laborers experienced a 12.8% unemployment rate, Hispanic workers experienced an 18.5% unemployment rate, and the unemployment rate for black non-Hispanic workers was 16.7% (Gigauri, 2020). During this pandemic, women lost jobs more than men, specifically women of color.

The Trump administration failed to provide essential protection during the pandemic to workers, underscoring the importance of unions. With unions, workers could negotiate on health and safety measures, job preservation, and paid sick leaves in their workplaces. Workers with unions feel secure and can speak out about the dangers they are likely to face. Nonunionized workers worked without premium pay or were denied paid leave and protective equipment (Gigauri, 2020). Nevertheless, unionized workers advocated for increased wages and health and safety protections. The lack of protective health and safety measures led to many individuals getting infected with Coronavirus, and many lost their lives.

Many industries could not measure their employees’ performance management due to the Coronavirus outbreak. The outbreak also altered the performance of the employees in organizations. The modified working conditions made it difficult for an organization to measure employee performance. Thus it disrupted performance-based pay. Several factors related to Coronavirus influenced the employees, for instance, occupational stress, career and job control, and family distractions, most of the challenges emerged when the employees started working remotely (Schultz, 2021). Therefore, industries had to strengthen and maintain their performance management tools and processes. They communicated relevant information about the company’s direction to the employees and provided feedback. The information collected would help the organization retain the talents of the employees.

Additionally, COVID-19 affected many industries negatively, forcing them to close their shops temporarily. Nevertheless, other industries flourished due to the pandemic, such as delivery companies, as most people opted to buy their necessities through online platforms, and they were later delivered to their doorsteps (Schultz, 2021). Organizations facing financial challenges adopted skills to reduce incurring high costs and sustain their businesses. It is why most people found themselves jobless during the Coronavirus pandemic.

Moreover, workers within unions received better benefits that included healthcare and paid leave. During the pandemic, unionized employees were more likely to be covered by health insurance provided by their employers. Unionized employers added significantly to their employees’ healthcare benefits during the pandemic, paying 86% of workers’ health premiums. On the other hand, nonunionized employers pay 79% of their workers’ health premiums (Gigauri, 2020). Union workers have increased access to paid sick days. Almost all union workers in local and state governments have the privilege to pay sick leave compared to their nonunionized colleagues.

During the Coronavirus pandemic, the policymakers decided to prioritize reforms that would stimulate the collective power of the workers because the political response to the health and economic crisis brought about by COVID-19 had failed before. Nevertheless, the pandemic required intense interventions—the intensity and depth of the economic crisis brought by the pandemic necessitated additional legislative action. Here, an opportunity was provided to union leaders, social justice advocates, workers, and worker advocates chance to demand that policymakers put the needs of working people ahead of commercial interests (Gigauri, 2020). The policymakers were given duties to deliver reforms and interventions that were long overdue. The reforms and interventions fulfilled the promises made to United States workers approximately 100 years ago, i.e., collective bargaining and the right to a union. The crisis continued to reshape the workforce, democracy, and economy of the United States.

In conclusion, unions have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that the workers have their collective voice, that health safety measures are upheld, and that they receive paid leave. It has dramatically increased the morale and motivated the employees, reflected in the increased output levels from different corporates.

Butterick, M., & Charlwood, A. (2021). HRM and the COVID‐19 pandemic: How can we stop making a bad situation worse? Human Resource Management Journal , 31 (4), 847-856. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12344

Gigauri, I. (2020). Influence of COVID-19 crisis on human resource management and companies’ response: The expert study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION , 6 (6), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.66.1002

Schultz, C. (2021). COVID-19 and future human resource management competencies. The Impact of COVID-19 on Human Resource Management . https://doi.org/10.51432/978-1-8381524-4-4_2

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Impact of COVID-19 on International Business Student's Name Institutional Affiliation Course Name and Number Professor's Name Date Impact of COVID-19 on International Business 2020 was one of the toughest seasons for business due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown measures and stringent measures such as restriction of public gatherings and maintenance of social distancing imposed these effects realized by companies. As a result of these measures, some companies had to shut down their operations. In contrast, others had to lay down their staff due to a significant reduction in the profitability of the companies. Of these companies, the major organizations that were tremendously affected by the

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From lockdown to reopening: a visual journey of campus during and after COVID-19

McCosh Health Center was once a stronghold against viruses and was one of the last few places on campus that required masks.

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The time when students could only sit three to a table will be a memory that will no longer be known to Princeton’s students after the Class of 2024 graduates.

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Students can once again return to doing work without a mask in the Rocky-Mathey Dining Hall.

With no mandated weekly testing, the COVID-19 PCR test drop boxes have turned from a campus staple to a remnant of times past.

Scudder Plaza became a park for families in the town as campus shut down.

Drained for the winter, Scudder Plaza in the cold sometimes evokes the emptiness of the pandemic.

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Signs like these across campus serve as a reminder of the isolation COVID-19 brought.

The Frist South Lawn was a well known testing hub for students during the Spring 2021 semester.

Time between classes can once again be enjoyed with friends on the lawn, instead of on Zoom.

Despite the progression, there remain those on campus who are wary of COVID-19, or just the common cold.

With students stuck in their dorms or at home, a major campus landmark stood lonely for months.

The East Pyne arch has returned to being a busy passageway for students going from dorm to classroom.

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COVID-19 policy signs that were never taken down serve as a reminder of mask mandates.

Rohit narayanan / the daily princetonian, to visit or not to visit: a vocabulary to better care for the sick.

“The question is, how do you know if a sick friend wants to be visited? People respond differently to illness, and the same person suffering from the same condition at one point might respond differently at another point.”

If Princeton wants us to isolate, it has to make it practical

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“Now, as both a university and a country, we stand at a crossroads. COVID-19 restrictions continue to fall away as we ‘open up’ and ‘return to normal.’ Yet the events of the last three years are not erased by this return to normalcy. Many of us, including myself, continue to feel the moral burden associated with getting COVID-19. This makes Princeton’s current COVID-19 policies difficult to navigate.”

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Read these 12 moving essays about life during coronavirus

Artists, novelists, critics, and essayists are writing the first draft of history.

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The world is grappling with an invisible, deadly enemy, trying to understand how to live with the threat posed by a virus . For some writers, the only way forward is to put pen to paper, trying to conceptualize and document what it feels like to continue living as countries are under lockdown and regular life seems to have ground to a halt.

So as the coronavirus pandemic has stretched around the world, it’s sparked a crop of diary entries and essays that describe how life has changed. Novelists, critics, artists, and journalists have put words to the feelings many are experiencing. The result is a first draft of how we’ll someday remember this time, filled with uncertainty and pain and fear as well as small moments of hope and humanity.

At the New York Review of Books, Ali Bhutto writes that in Karachi, Pakistan, the government-imposed curfew due to the virus is “eerily reminiscent of past military clampdowns”:

Beneath the quiet calm lies a sense that society has been unhinged and that the usual rules no longer apply. Small groups of pedestrians look on from the shadows, like an audience watching a spectacle slowly unfolding. People pause on street corners and in the shade of trees, under the watchful gaze of the paramilitary forces and the police.

His essay concludes with the sobering note that “in the minds of many, Covid-19 is just another life-threatening hazard in a city that stumbles from one crisis to another.”

Writing from Chattanooga, novelist Jamie Quatro documents the mixed ways her neighbors have been responding to the threat, and the frustration of conflicting direction, or no direction at all, from local, state, and federal leaders:

Whiplash, trying to keep up with who’s ordering what. We’re already experiencing enough chaos without this back-and-forth. Why didn’t the federal government issue a nationwide shelter-in-place at the get-go, the way other countries did? What happens when one state’s shelter-in-place ends, while others continue? Do states still under quarantine close their borders? We are still one nation, not fifty individual countries. Right?

Award-winning photojournalist Alessio Mamo, quarantined with his partner Marta in Sicily after she tested positive for the virus, accompanies his photographs in the Guardian of their confinement with a reflection on being confined :

The doctors asked me to take a second test, but again I tested negative. Perhaps I’m immune? The days dragged on in my apartment, in black and white, like my photos. Sometimes we tried to smile, imagining that I was asymptomatic, because I was the virus. Our smiles seemed to bring good news. My mother left hospital, but I won’t be able to see her for weeks. Marta started breathing well again, and so did I. I would have liked to photograph my country in the midst of this emergency, the battles that the doctors wage on the frontline, the hospitals pushed to their limits, Italy on its knees fighting an invisible enemy. That enemy, a day in March, knocked on my door instead.

In the New York Times Magazine, deputy editor Jessica Lustig writes with devastating clarity about her family’s life in Brooklyn while her husband battled the virus, weeks before most people began taking the threat seriously:

At the door of the clinic, we stand looking out at two older women chatting outside the doorway, oblivious. Do I wave them away? Call out that they should get far away, go home, wash their hands, stay inside? Instead we just stand there, awkwardly, until they move on. Only then do we step outside to begin the long three-block walk home. I point out the early magnolia, the forsythia. T says he is cold. The untrimmed hairs on his neck, under his beard, are white. The few people walking past us on the sidewalk don’t know that we are visitors from the future. A vision, a premonition, a walking visitation. This will be them: Either T, in the mask, or — if they’re lucky — me, tending to him.

Essayist Leslie Jamison writes in the New York Review of Books about being shut away alone in her New York City apartment with her 2-year-old daughter since she became sick:

The virus. Its sinewy, intimate name. What does it feel like in my body today? Shivering under blankets. A hot itch behind the eyes. Three sweatshirts in the middle of the day. My daughter trying to pull another blanket over my body with her tiny arms. An ache in the muscles that somehow makes it hard to lie still. This loss of taste has become a kind of sensory quarantine. It’s as if the quarantine keeps inching closer and closer to my insides. First I lost the touch of other bodies; then I lost the air; now I’ve lost the taste of bananas. Nothing about any of these losses is particularly unique. I’ve made a schedule so I won’t go insane with the toddler. Five days ago, I wrote Walk/Adventure! on it, next to a cut-out illustration of a tiger—as if we’d see tigers on our walks. It was good to keep possibility alive.

At Literary Hub, novelist Heidi Pitlor writes about the elastic nature of time during her family’s quarantine in Massachusetts:

During a shutdown, the things that mark our days—commuting to work, sending our kids to school, having a drink with friends—vanish and time takes on a flat, seamless quality. Without some self-imposed structure, it’s easy to feel a little untethered. A friend recently posted on Facebook: “For those who have lost track, today is Blursday the fortyteenth of Maprilay.” ... Giving shape to time is especially important now, when the future is so shapeless. We do not know whether the virus will continue to rage for weeks or months or, lord help us, on and off for years. We do not know when we will feel safe again. And so many of us, minus those who are gifted at compartmentalization or denial, remain largely captive to fear. We may stay this way if we do not create at least the illusion of movement in our lives, our long days spent with ourselves or partners or families.

Novelist Lauren Groff writes at the New York Review of Books about trying to escape the prison of her fears while sequestered at home in Gainesville, Florida:

Some people have imaginations sparked only by what they can see; I blame this blinkered empiricism for the parks overwhelmed with people, the bars, until a few nights ago, thickly thronged. My imagination is the opposite. I fear everything invisible to me. From the enclosure of my house, I am afraid of the suffering that isn’t present before me, the people running out of money and food or drowning in the fluid in their lungs, the deaths of health-care workers now growing ill while performing their duties. I fear the federal government, which the right wing has so—intentionally—weakened that not only is it insufficient to help its people, it is actively standing in help’s way. I fear we won’t sufficiently punish the right. I fear leaving the house and spreading the disease. I fear what this time of fear is doing to my children, their imaginations, and their souls.

At ArtForum , Berlin-based critic and writer Kristian Vistrup Madsen reflects on martinis, melancholia, and Finnish artist Jaakko Pallasvuo’s 2018 graphic novel Retreat , in which three young people exile themselves in the woods:

In melancholia, the shape of what is ending, and its temporality, is sprawling and incomprehensible. The ambivalence makes it hard to bear. The world of Retreat is rendered in lush pink and purple watercolors, which dissolve into wild and messy abstractions. In apocalypse, the divisions established in genesis bleed back out. My own Corona-retreat is similarly soft, color-field like, each day a blurred succession of quarantinis, YouTube–yoga, and televized press conferences. As restrictions mount, so does abstraction. For now, I’m still rooting for love to save the world.

At the Paris Review , Matt Levin writes about reading Virginia Woolf’s novel The Waves during quarantine:

A retreat, a quarantine, a sickness—they simultaneously distort and clarify, curtail and expand. It is an ideal state in which to read literature with a reputation for difficulty and inaccessibility, those hermetic books shorn of the handholds of conventional plot or characterization or description. A novel like Virginia Woolf’s The Waves is perfect for the state of interiority induced by quarantine—a story of three men and three women, meeting after the death of a mutual friend, told entirely in the overlapping internal monologues of the six, interspersed only with sections of pure, achingly beautiful descriptions of the natural world, a day’s procession and recession of light and waves. The novel is, in my mind’s eye, a perfectly spherical object. It is translucent and shimmering and infinitely fragile, prone to shatter at the slightest disturbance. It is not a book that can be read in snatches on the subway—it demands total absorption. Though it revels in a stark emotional nakedness, the book remains aloof, remote in its own deep self-absorption.

In an essay for the Financial Times, novelist Arundhati Roy writes with anger about Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s anemic response to the threat, but also offers a glimmer of hope for the future:

Historically, pandemics have forced humans to break with the past and imagine their world anew. This one is no different. It is a portal, a gateway between one world and the next. We can choose to walk through it, dragging the carcasses of our prejudice and hatred, our avarice, our data banks and dead ideas, our dead rivers and smoky skies behind us. Or we can walk through lightly, with little luggage, ready to imagine another world. And ready to fight for it.

From Boston, Nora Caplan-Bricker writes in The Point about the strange contraction of space under quarantine, in which a friend in Beirut is as close as the one around the corner in the same city:

It’s a nice illusion—nice to feel like we’re in it together, even if my real world has shrunk to one person, my husband, who sits with his laptop in the other room. It’s nice in the same way as reading those essays that reframe social distancing as solidarity. “We must begin to see the negative space as clearly as the positive, to know what we don’t do is also brilliant and full of love,” the poet Anne Boyer wrote on March 10th, the day that Massachusetts declared a state of emergency. If you squint, you could almost make sense of this quarantine as an effort to flatten, along with the curve, the distinctions we make between our bonds with others. Right now, I care for my neighbor in the same way I demonstrate love for my mother: in all instances, I stay away. And in moments this month, I have loved strangers with an intensity that is new to me. On March 14th, the Saturday night after the end of life as we knew it, I went out with my dog and found the street silent: no lines for restaurants, no children on bicycles, no couples strolling with little cups of ice cream. It had taken the combined will of thousands of people to deliver such a sudden and complete emptiness. I felt so grateful, and so bereft.

And on his own website, musician and artist David Byrne writes about rediscovering the value of working for collective good , saying that “what is happening now is an opportunity to learn how to change our behavior”:

In emergencies, citizens can suddenly cooperate and collaborate. Change can happen. We’re going to need to work together as the effects of climate change ramp up. In order for capitalism to survive in any form, we will have to be a little more socialist. Here is an opportunity for us to see things differently — to see that we really are all connected — and adjust our behavior accordingly. Are we willing to do this? Is this moment an opportunity to see how truly interdependent we all are? To live in a world that is different and better than the one we live in now? We might be too far down the road to test every asymptomatic person, but a change in our mindsets, in how we view our neighbors, could lay the groundwork for the collective action we’ll need to deal with other global crises. The time to see how connected we all are is now.

The portrait these writers paint of a world under quarantine is multifaceted. Our worlds have contracted to the confines of our homes, and yet in some ways we’re more connected than ever to one another. We feel fear and boredom, anger and gratitude, frustration and strange peace. Uncertainty drives us to find metaphors and images that will let us wrap our minds around what is happening.

Yet there’s no single “what” that is happening. Everyone is contending with the pandemic and its effects from different places and in different ways. Reading others’ experiences — even the most frightening ones — can help alleviate the loneliness and dread, a little, and remind us that what we’re going through is both unique and shared by all.

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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): The Impact and Role of Mass Media During the Pandemic

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About this Research Topic

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a global health crisis that has had a deep impact on the way we perceive our world and our everyday lives. Not only the rate of contagion and patterns of transmission threatens our sense of agency, but the safety measures put in place to contain ...

Keywords : COVID-19, coronavirus disease, mass media, health communication, prevention, intervention, social behavioral changes

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Health and Health Care

COVID-19 Today: Older Adults Are Less Concerned, Still Taking Precautions

2023 aarp covid-19 and vaccines attitude survey of midlife and older adults.

by Cheryl Lampkin, AARP Research , March 2023

Read the Detailed Findings

Many midlife and older adults remain mindful of COVID-19, according to a recent AARP survey, and they continue to employ related precautions.

While most older adults age 40-plus say their health is good, a sizable number say their health has declined since the pandemic.

Many older adults age 40 and older say their physical health, mental health, and emotional well-being are very good or excellent. Just over one-third (37%) of those in their 40s say their emotional well-being is very good or excellent and four in 10 (40%) older adults in their 50s rate their emotional well-being high. Comparatively, over half (53%) of older adults age 60 and older say their emotional well-being is very good or excellent.

Although adults in their 40s are least likely to rate their mental health and emotional well-being as high, they are significantly more likely to say their overall health has improved since before the COVID-19 pandemic started, and their health has become a higher priority. Three in 10 (30%) adults in their 40s say their health has improved since the start of the pandemic, compared to only about one in 10 older adults age 50-plus (10% for 50–59; 8% for 60-plus).

Many midlife and older adults continue to employ some COVID-related precautions.

Nearly half (47%) of the midlife and older adults say they have worn a mask in public in the month prior to the survey administration because of the coronavirus. While the likelihood that someone age 40-plus has donned a mask in the past month doesn’t vary by age cohort, women are significantly more likely to say they have worn a mask in the past month (51% vs. 44% of men).

Another third say they have practiced staying six feet away from people they did not know (34%) and/or going to the grocery store during odd hours to avoid crowds (32%). Members of the 40s age group are significantly more likely to say they have gone grocery shopping at odd hours to avoid crowds (45% for 40–49;. 30% for 50–59; 28% for 60-plus).

Most midlife and older adults say they are not too worried about catching COVID-19 because they continue to employ some COVID-related precautions.

Most (55%) adults ages 40-plus say they are not too worried about getting COVID-19. Generally, men are more likely to say they are not worried (65% for men vs. 51% for women) and when comparing age groups, those age 60-plus are significantly more likely to say they are not worried (61% for 60-plus;. 50% for 50–59; 49% for 40–49).

In the month prior to survey administration

Those who say they are not too worried about getting COVID-19 reported that they are maintaining COVID-related precautions like washing hands and wearing a mask (39%), getting vaccinated (33%), and not going around crowds/people (28%).

Half of the Latino older adults surveyed say they are worried about catching COVID-19, even after taking precautions.

More than three-quarters (77%) of Latino adults age 40-plus say they have been vaccinated against COVID-19 at least once, with more than half (55%) reporting they have completed the initial series and gotten at least one booster. Yet, half say they are either very (17%) or somewhat (35%) worried about catching the virus.

Midlife and older Latino adults who say they are not worried about catching the virus reported that they are maintaining COVID-related precautions like washing hands and wearing a mask (45%) and the belief that God or a higher power will protect them (35%).

Less than half of African American older adults say they are familiar with long COVID, and those who are say they are concerned.

Six in 10 (61%) midlife and older African American adults say they have not heard of long COVID and most (71%) who have heard of it say they are concerned. Only a small portion (2%) say they have or have had long COVID. Those who say they have or have had long COVID say they know it is/was long COVID because their doctor told them and/or they have had/had their symptoms for several months to over a year.

The long-term mental, physical, and emotional effects of living through the COVID-19 pandemic have yet to playout. For midlife and older adults, it is clear that many have already noticed some health changes (both positive and negative). The majority still at least occasionally adhere to some of the recommendations aimed at minimizing exposure. As a result, most say they are not too worried about getting COVID-19 (or its variants) mainly because they continue to follow guidelines and have been vaccinated.

Methodology

Alan Newman Market Research Consultants (ANR) conducted a quantitative research study among U.S. adults age 40-plus. The purpose of this research was to understand their health concerns around COVID and vaccinations. Between October 3 and 12, 2022, ANR conducted n=1,546 12-minute online surveys, including oversamples to achieve 400 completes by African American/Black and 400 by Hispanic/Latino adults age 40-plus. Respondents were offered the option to take the survey in English or Spanish.

For more information, please contact Cheryl L. Lampkin at [email protected] . For media inquiries, contact External Relations at [email protected] .

Suggested citation:

Lampkin, Cheryl. 2023 AARP COVID-19 and Vaccines Attitude Survey of Midlife and Older Adults. Washington, DC: AARP Research, March 2023. https://doi.org/10.26419/res.00581.001

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Who's Getting Long COVID & How It Shows Up

Many COVID sufferers age 50-plus experienced lingering COVID symptoms beyond the typical one-to-two-week period.

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Mar 12, 2020

A Short Essay On The Virus Called CoVID-19

The Current Status of the CoVID-19 Pandemic

CoVID-19 started infecting people in the city of Wuhan, China in mid-December of 2019. Within a month, more than ten thousand people were infected and hundreds had died. The death rate was about 16% in the first two weeks but reduced to about 4% by mid-February and currently stands at about 2%. The initial outbreak caused many people to die who would have survived if they had received medical treatment. Unfortunately, the Wuhan medical system was unable to treat the extremely large number of seriously ill people seeking help. Simply put, the large number of seriously ill people greatly exceeded hospital capacity. Consequently, many people who needed basic care for dehydration and fever could not find care. China now reports a death rate of 0.7% outside of Hubei Province.

A death rate of 2% is about 13 times greater than the incidence of death from seasonal flu. During the last flu season, 2018/2019, CDC reports 35 million Americans caught the flu and about 56,000 people died establishing a death rate of 0.15%. If the same number of Americans, 35 million, became infected with CoVID-19 and the death rate was actually 2%, CoVID-19 could be responsible for 700,000 deaths. However, there are several reasons to believe that the death rate is much less than 2%.

As of 10 March 2020, when this essay was prepared, there were about 100,000 confirmed cases and about 4,000 deaths for a death rate of 4% (but this includes the data from Wuhan). Data from many countries now reporting show that about 80% of infected people experience mild to moderate symptoms. It is likely that a large number of infected people with mild or very mild symptoms are not represented in the data because they never felt sick. The missing cases skew the death rate towards a higher rate. So, the 2% death rate is probably high due to the “non reports” of people simply not accounted for in the data.

Th U.S. will not see anything like what happened in Wuhan, China for the following reasons: 1) our medical systems are prepared to some extent, we hope; 2) individually, we have had time to prepare; 3) the symptoms and infection vector of CoVID-19 is well fairly-well understood; and, 4) our collective understanding of the threat and hygiene vigilance will slow the spread putting less stress on our health systems.

Regardless of what you have heard — even the President telling people it is ok to go to work — we should prepare for a possible mandatory or voluntary 14 day quarantine. This requires at least 14 days imprisoned in your house. It is possible or likely that your office building, place of work, church, your children’s school or other group activities will be cancelled or closed for a period of time. It is more probable than not that you will be exposed to CoVID-19 in the near future.

For updates on the spread of the virus, check this CDC web page. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-in-us.html . CDC updates the page every day at noon. Another good site is the John Hopkins “dashboard” at https://coronavirus.jhu.edu .

What is a Virus Not all scientists agree on the history of viruses or even whether they are actually “a living organism”. Biologists don’t agree even on where to place them on the “Tree of Life”. Viruses are very complex and come in many shapes and modes of action but they have the following generalized features in common:

They are a very, very, small — around 200 nanometers (nm) in length or circumference. How small is 200 nm? They are about a million times smaller than the head of a pin. So, yeah, they are pretty small. When first discovered, they were called, “ . . extremely small infectious particles” because microbiologist and other scientists did not know how to classify them.

All viruses are composed of a small piece of DNA, RNA or both. You remember DNA, the stuff made from nucleic acids, Crick and Watson, “double-helix”. As you remember, it is the memory bank that holds all the information necessary to make you — YOU. A virus is a short piece of DNA or RNA, or both wrapped inside a protein shell sometimes called an envelope, or just “enclosure structure”. The shape of the envelope is quite diverse and can be very complex.

Some viruses are very “sticky” and remain in spittle and adhere to surfaces like your hand or the deli countertop. You are exposed to sticky viruses when an infected person sneezes or coughs on you. There are thousands or millions of viruses in the water/mucus droplets (aka, “spittle”) expelled in a sneeze or cough. You are also exposed if you touch a surface where infected spittle landed like the movie theater candy counter. Some viruses are not sticky but can float in the air after being released in a sneeze or cough. As you could imagine, these are much more contagious than the sticky kind.

Viruses do not have the capacity to reproduce by themselves. They duplicate by drilling through the membrane of a living cell and inserting their piece of DNA, RNA or both into that living cell. Since there are about 6 gazillion cells inside each of us — new viruses have many to choose from.

The inserted piece of viral DNA or RNA then hijacks the human cell and forces it to make copies of the virus. The human cell makes many copies before it eventually dies and releases all of the newly made viruses. The new viruses are inert. They just float around in your blood stream, or climb aboard the spittle launching pad for an inter-host joy ride, until they find another cell to hijack.

H ow CoVID-19 Got Its Name

CoVID-19 actually has two names. It was given a formal name using international conventions that go like this. CoVID-19 is in the class of viruses known for having “crowns” on the surface of their envelopes. The first definition of the Latin word “corona” is crown — the second definition is “beer with lime”. It was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. So, its formal name according to convention is, “Corona Virus Identified in 2019”. That name was too long and no one liked saying it, so it was given the nickname, “CoVID-19”, that we all use today.

How You Get Infected

Our principle exposure to CoVID-19 is coming into close contact with an infected person. Typically, you are exposed when someone close to you (as in proximity, not as in relationship) coughs or sneezes either directly on you, your clothing, or on a surface that you later touch like your iPhone. Viruses in dried spittle from an infected person can be found on kitchen counters, doorknobs, telephones, light switches, water faucets, handrails, computer keyboards etc. The exact amount of time the virus can survive in dried spittle is unknown. Data suggests it can survive from 2 to 7 days. Viruses cannot penetrate your skin. You become infected when you touch the contaminated surface and CoVID-19 takes a joy ride on your finger or hand until you touch exposed body tissue, typically on your face like rubbing your eyes, poking your nose, or using your fingernail to get that piece of orange pulp stuck between your teeth. I’ll say it again. The most frequent form of virus transmission is by getting coughed or sneezed on, and data suggests that you can get infected from touching a contaminated surface for up to 7 days after the surface became contaminated.

Once transferred to your body tissue, the virus spreads throughout your body and implements a Dr. Evil-like master plan to enslave your cells and force them to make many copies of the virus. That is right, think of many “Minnie Me” evil doers.

So, wash your hands (like 10 times a day) and stop touching your face. You just touched your face! Yes, you did. I saw you.

A Bit More on Viruses

Viruses have been around through all recorded human history. They are a human parasite. They are extremely complex and reproduce by varied and intricate strategies. If we were to anthropomorphize viruses, we would conclude that they are extremely intelligent or clever. Some viruses, such as HIV, incubate for years inside their host before the host becomes sick. Some goofy viruses, like common measles ( Rubeola ) and German measles ( Rubella ) are totally not sticky and infect other hosts as aerosols (i.e., floating on the air). When an infected person sneezes, the virus and the spittle are injected into the atmosphere. Rubeola, being a non-sticky virus jumps off of the spittle and floats on the air until someone comes into contact with it. It can stay suspended for a fairly long period of time — like days. On rare occasions people have been infected by walking into a closed room where an infected person sneezed two days before they entered the room.

The Cure for CoVID-19

There is no cure for the vast majority of human pathogenic viruses including CoVID-19. We are sick until our body devises a way to kill the invader. Our bodies have many defense plans to counter a viral attack. The first line of defense is to understand the vector of infection: “one if by hand, two if by spittle and three if by air”. Not really, but our immune systems do need time to identify the invading virus and let the rest of the body know about the invasion. Our bodies create specific proteins to attack and more importantly mark the invader virus with something like a “Scarlet Letter” so our warrior cells, called lymphocytes can identify them and devour them. Each virus requires a unique counter-attack and this takes time. Think of a virus infection as a race between the virus trying to make as many Minnie-Me(s) as possible and our body’s immune system struggling to devise and implement a defense plan. For this reason, people who are immuno-compromised (i.e., have a weakened immune system) are most vulnerable to virus infection. Immuno-compromised people include the elderly (over 70), people who are already sick from another disease, people taking chemotherapy to fight cancer, and children who don’t have a fully developed immune system. There is a CoVID-19 exception for children. For some reason, still unexplained, children under the age of 14 do not seem to be affected by CoVID-19 at the same rate and intensity as adults.

Do Vaccines Cure Us

In case you were absent that day, vaccinations can protect us from viruses like CoVID-19 but do not cure us. It takes time to develop and test an effective vaccine. Vaccine development and preparation can be quite complex, but in its simplest form, a vaccine is a sterile-water filled syringe containing millions of dead viruses floating around in the water. The viruses cannot attack our cells BECAUSE THEY ARE DEAD , but our body doesn’t know they are recently deceased and attacks them anyway. The presence of the dead viruses in our body triggers a full immune response including the creation of virus-specific proteins and activated warrior cells. It is not a fair fight! The dead viruses lose every time. Our immune system has an exceptional memory and will be immediately ready to fight that virus if it ever sees it again. With this giant head start, the virus is guaranteed to lose in a future infection because — — we are immunized, which is sort of like a Super Power.

We can expect there will be a vaccine for CoVID-19 in the future. In the meantime, our best defense is to delay our exposure or avoid catching CoVID-19 altogether.

The Public Health Perspective

The goal of our public health systems is threefold: 1) slow or stop the spread of the virus through the general population; 2) identify and protect immune-compromised people; and 3) develop effective medical treatment strategies.

In general, epidemics spread within a bell curve. Epidemics begin with a few new infections per day. As time goes by, the rate of new infections per day increases exponentially. Within a week or month there is a surge of sick people looking for medical help. If the surge is greater than the medical system can handle, you have what happened to the City of Wuhan, China. The peak was so large, hospitals ran out of beds and the medical system was overwhelmed. After the peak of new infections per day passes, the rate of new infections declines as the epidemic wanes. Public health systems make recommendations designed to slow the spread of the infection. By slowing the spread of the infection, the number of sick people needing medical assistance during the peak of the epidemic will be smaller reducing stress on the system. If there is going to be a shortage of medical professionals, medicine or hospital beds, it will happen during the peak.

Many of the people who died in Wuhan during the early days of the outbreak, died because they could not get medical care. The Wuhan medical system was caught off guard. They did not know an epidemic had started and subsequently, were not prepared for thousands of seriously ill people to descend on the hospitals. Some argue that Chinese officials knew but did not respond soon enough. Some argue that the U.S. is not responding fast enough. These arguments are a waste of time. We have been warned. We will benefit from the accumulated knowledge of prior treatment strategies, and we are already taking personal steps to avoid and prepare for a quarantine or the illness itself.

What You Can Do

The greatest risk of exposure (i.e., catching the virus) occurs at places where people meet or gather, such as, church and schools, retail stores and malls, nightclubs and transportation hubs like airports and train stations. Essentially, any place people get together and are likely to come within one meter, or three feet of each other. For this reason, many sporting events and conferences are being cancelled or postponed.

If you attend a place where people gather, consider a fist bump or a Buddhist bow of gratitude instead of shaking hands. Shaking hands is an exposure multiplier. When you shake someone’s hand you are not doubling your exposure, you are increasing your risk of exposure by a multiplier equal to the number of potentially contaminated surfaces the other person’s hand touched prior to touching you.

Carry a pen with you at all times. Avoid using the pen provided when paying for a meal, signing for a purchase or taking notes at a class or conference.

Make a habit of using a finger other than your index finger to do mundane tasks because you touch your face most frequently with your index finger. Use your little finger to sign at checkout, when entering a PIN at an ATM machine etc. Use your little finger because you are unlikely to use that finger to touch your face, rub your eyes or wipe your lips. By concentrating on using your little finger, you will also be reminded of the other precautions you should be taking.

Handwashing

WASH YOUR HANDS FREQUENTLY FOLLOWED BY HAND SANITIZER

The first line of defense from pathogenic bacteria and viruses is handwashing. The CDC recommends handwashing and the use of hand sanitizer in addition to hand washing. The CDC does not recommend hand sanitizer as a replacement for handwashing. Hand washing is preferable because soap contains surfactants and dispersants. Surfactants are chemicals that lift dirt from your skin (or any surface) while dispersants keep the dirt suspended in the soapy-water mix before it is rinsed down the drain. In reality, many surfactants are also dispersants but we don’t need to go there. The word “surfactant” explains what it does — it squeezes into the very small space between the skin of your hand (a surface) and the dirt sticking to your hand. Think of surfactants as chemicals that peel dirt off of you. Along with the dirt, surfactants also peel off sticky viruses and other pathogens. It is easier for soap to peel the virus off of you than for the hand sanitizer to kill it.

Wash your hands for 20 seconds!! How long is 20 seconds? If you wash your hands while singing Happy Birthday twice, you will have washed your hands for about 20 seconds. Bring your hands to a frothy lather (lather is important), rinse with clean water and dry hands with a clean cotton towel, paper towel or air dry.

CDC does not recommend hand sanitizers as a replacement for hand washing with soap. A full hand washing followed by hand sanitizer is best. Do you get it? Washing your hands is better than using hand sanitizer.

Hand Sanitizers

Use store bought varieties of hand sanitizer if you were lucky enough to stock up before stores ran out. The effective agent in commercial sanitizers 60% to 70% by volume ethanol. Ethanol is the drinking kind, which means vodka can be used as a sanitizer. However, most vodkas are “80 Proof”, which means they are 40% ethanol by volume. Unfortunately, pharmacies and convenience stores never thought of stocking enough hand sanitizers to cover an epidemic and most have run out. No reason to fret, there are many substitute products still available at stores or you can make your own. Even if you have hand sanitizer, wash your hands frequently. It is all about washing your hands!!

Make your own organic hand sanitizer.

Witch Hazel has antiseptic qualities equal to alcohol. Lavender also has some antiseptic qualities. Everything else is fragrance and skin conditioning.

Isopropyl Alcohol (aka, Rubbing Alcohol)

Mix rubbing alcohol with a glycerin, lanolin or vitamin E

Rubbing alcohol is as effective as ethanol and the glycerin is for skin conditioning.

Commercial Substitutes

Windex™ is 4% isopropyl alcohol and ammonia with a few common surfactants and dispersants (it is a cleaner after all). Windex can be used both a cleaner and a sanitizer. Throw in some glycerin, lanolin, or vitamin E if you want a skin conditioner.

Mouthwash is 21% methanol, which is 44 proof. Methanol is poisonous if swallowed but not dangerous as a hand wash. After all, it was intended for your mouth anyway. It has other antiseptic chemicals as well.

Maintain A Strong Immune System

The best way to maintain a strong immune system is to eat fruits and veggies, exercise by walking for 20 minutes a day, get adequate sleep, remember to unwind after stressful situations by taking centering breaths or a brief meditation.

Vitamins and supplements can help especially if you think you might be immuno-compromised.

Non-western medical experts I respect and work with recommend the following herbs and plant extracts to strengthen your immune system and/or as part of your response to a viral infection:

Extracts of plants used in Gemmotherapy include:

More information at: Maegan Lemp, L.Ac., Dipl.Ac. ( http://aculemp.com )

Herbal supplements include:

More information at: Melissa Gale, L.Ac., Dipl.Ac. ( https://www.facebook.com/MelissaGale.Acupuncture/ )

Now for A Little Nitty-Gritty

The greatest risk of infection is coming in close contact with an infected person at home, work or in public spaces. So, you skipped church, they cancelled the PTA meeting but you still have to go to work and maybe travel. This will undoubtedly put you into close contact with people like the public restroom. Here are a few, but not at all exhaustive, strategies you can use to get in and out of public restrooms where you will be required to touch doorknobs, faucet handles, and toilet paper and paper towel dispensers.

How to Choose a Stall

Studies that tracked toilet paper use in public restrooms found that most people pick the middle stalls in a public bathroom. Assuming all stalls get cleaned at the same frequency and to the same extent — statistically the end stalls have the greatest chance of having toilet paper and being exposed to fewer people, which reduces the number of potentially infected people having used the stall before you.

Do Not Fear The Toilet Seat

Don’t fret over the toilet seat. Many studies show there is very little risk of exposure to a contagion from the seat. If you are still concerned, use some toilet paper to wipe it down before use. Even better, if you carry an alcohol based sanitizer, put some on to the toilet paper before you wipe. If you are a responsible male, use toilet paper when you lift the seat. If you are an irresponsible male, use toilet paper when you lift the seat.

The real nitty-gritty, no one who used the stall before you washed their hands before touching the stall handle while exiting. You should assume your hand is contaminated and head straight to the sink to wash your hands. Here again, no one washed their hands before they turned the water on. Hopefully, there is a motion sensor faucet, but if there isn’t, you can use your bare hand because you are already working from the assumption that it is contaminated.

There is scientific — though not conclusive — evidence that CoVID-19 can be transmitted on feces. The same was found for the last coronavirus outbreak, SARS, in 2003/2004. Building code modifications specific to stopping the spread of coronavirus were released in 2008. There were many changes but the most noticeable change was the removal of bathroom doors on high volume public restrooms, such as, federal highway system and airport rest rooms. Instead of a door, you walk through a short maze. The modification reduced the necessity of touching the door handle while entering or leaving.

So now you washed your hands while singing Happy Birthday, but you need to turn off the faucet (maybe); and you need to dry your hands; and you need to get out of the bathroom without getting contaminated. What do you do? For fun, I put together a bathroom exit strategy flow-chart on the next page. It is goofy, but fun.

A few Closing Thoughts

You do not need to put away enough food and toilet paper to wait out the Zombie Apocalypse, but you should stock up with enough food and household items to live comfortably through a two or three week quarantine. This includes food and drink for three weeks, extra paper products including Kleenex™ tissue, and typical non-prescription medications like Advil® and Tylenol® and decongestion and cough medicines (if you use them). You might consider buying a few books to read, a new puzzle or board game — after all — you will have time on your hands.

If you or someone you care for gets sick, make sure you call ahead before you go to the doctor’s office or hospital. If you suspect CoVID-19, make sure to have them wear a mask to protect other people in the house and/or people you meet along the way and to the doctor’s office or hospital. Masks do little to protect you but are very good at protecting other people if you are sick.

Don’t be fooled into thinking that the CoVID-19 threat will be over anytime soon. It could take a considerable amount of time for the initial wave of infections to pass through the U.S. — like many months. It is possible and likely it will remain in the news through the summer. It is reasonable to think the Summer Olympics will be postponed and baseball will be played in empty stadiums. It is more likely than not that CoVID-19 will show up in the future as localized breakouts or associated with seasonal cold and flu.

If you work in a group setting, consider weekly meetings to discuss load management if someone or multiple people get sick at the same time. Establish a phone/text/email tree and make sure you check-in on each other frequently.

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Exploring the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on global energy markets, energy resilience, and climate change

The coronavirus (Covid-19) has created the biggest global crisis in generations, sending shock waves through health systems, economies, and societies around the world. Faced with an unprecedented situation, governments are focused on bringing the disease under control and reviving their economies. The energy sector was severely affected by repeated lockdowns in 2020, with slowed transport, trade and economic activity across the globe pushing energy use down by 4%. But even as waves of the pandemic continued to roll across the world in 2020, stimulus packages and vaccine roll outs allowed much economic activity to return, and global energy demand was seen rebounding by 4.6% in 2021, taking it above pre-pandemic levels.

The implications of the pandemic for energy systems and clean energy transitions are still evolving but three areas in particular stand out:

In all these areas, the IEA is focused on bringing data, analysis and real-world solutions to help governments navigate these challenges and build secure and sustainable energy systems.

Flagship report

Government energy spending tracker.

December 2022 update

Key findings

Change in quarterly oil demand in 2020 and 2021 relative to 2019 levels, an unprecedented decline in demand for mobility.

Global Energy Review 2021: Oil circle-arrow

Annual total clean energy and sustainable recovery measure spending by governments, related mobilised investments and targeted levels in the Sustainable Recovery Plan, 2021-2023

Government spending is increasingly concentrated on a handful of sectors.

Tracking Sustainable Recoveries circle-arrow

Global energy investment, 2017-2022

Energy investment is set to pick up by 8% in 2022 but almost half of the increase is linked to higher costs.

World Energy Investment 2022 circle-arrow

Flagship report — December 2022

How much will renewable energy benefit from global stimulus packages?

Fuel report — 01 December 2021

The pandemic continues to slow progress towards universal energy access

Commentary — 24 September 2021

Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report, 2021

Statistics report — June 2021

Global Energy Review: CO2 Emissions in 2020

Understanding the impacts of Covid-19 on global CO2 emissions

Report — 02 March 2021

Oil Market Report - February 2021

Fuel report — February 2021

India Energy Outlook 2021

World Energy Outlook Special Report

Flagship report — February 2021

Covid-19 impact on electricity

Updated through the end of 2020

Statistics report — January 2021

Related fuels and technologies

Oil markets are going through a period of extraordinary change

Electricity

The fastest-growing source of final energy demand

Trucks & buses

Only about half of the heavy-duty vehicles are sold in countries that have implemented efficiency regulations

Demand for air transport has more than doubled since 2000

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U.S. Food and Drug Administration

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

Enforcement Policy for Face Shields, Surgical Masks, and Respirators During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff March 2023

March 10, 2023 Update : The FDA divided into two the guidance, Enforcement Policy for Face Masks, Barrier Face Coverings, Face Shields, Surgical Masks, and Respirators During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency (Revised) . The two new guidances have no changes to the enforcement policy:

Enforcement Policy for Face Masks and Barrier Face Coverings During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency

This division of the previous version of the guidance does not affect the current policy and is intended only to facilitate a different timeline and process for transitioning back to normal operations, as further described in the Federal Register notice on this topic and on the COVID-19-Related Guidance Documents for Industry, FDA Staff, and Other Stakeholders web page.

All written comments on these two guidances should be identified with this docket number: FDA-2020-D-1138 .

FDA plays a critical role in protecting the United States from threats such as emerging infectious diseases, including the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. FDA is committed to providing timely guidance to support response efforts to this pandemic.

This policy is intended to remain in effect for 180 days following expiration of the COVID-19 public health emergency declaration under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d(a)(2)), unless a different intended duration is set forth in a finalized version of the FDA guidance, " Transition Plan for Medical Devices That Fall Within Enforcement Policies Issued During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency ." For further information, please refer to the Federal Register notice titled " Guidance Documents Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ."

Submit Comments

You can submit online or written comments on any guidance at any time (see 21 CFR 10.115(g)(5))

If unable to submit comments online, please mail written comments to:

Dockets Management Food and Drug Administration 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm 1061 Rockville, MD 20852

All written comments should be identified with this document's docket number: FDA-2020-D-1138 .

Search the United Nations

COVID-19 photo essay: We’re all in this together

About the author, department of global communications.

The United Nations Department of Global Communications (DGC) promotes global awareness and understanding of the work of the United Nations.

23 June 2020 – The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the interconnected nature of our world – and that no one is safe until everyone is safe. Only by acting in solidarity can communities save lives and overcome the devastating socio-economic impacts of the virus. In partnership with the United Nations, people around the world are showing acts of humanity, inspiring hope for a better future.

Everyone can do something

Rauf Salem, a volunteer, instructs children on the right way to wash their hands, in Sana'a, Yemen. Simple measures, such as maintaining physical distance, washing hands frequently and wearing a mask are imperative if the fight against COVID-19 is to be won. Photo: UNICEF/UNI341697

Creating hope

man with guitar in front of colorful poster

Venezuelan refugee Juan Batista Ramos, 69, plays guitar in front of a mural he painted at the Tancredo Neves temporary shelter in Boa Vista, Brazil to help lift COVID-19 quarantine blues. “Now, everywhere you look you will see a landscape to remind us that there is beauty in the world,” he says. Ramos is among the many artists around the world using the power of culture to inspire hope and solidarity during the pandemic. Photo: UNHCR/Allana Ferreira

Inclusive solutions

woman models a transparent face mask designed to help the hard of hearing

Wendy Schellemans, an education assistant at the Royal Woluwe Institute in Brussels, models a transparent face mask designed to help the hard of hearing. The United Nations and partners are working to ensure that responses to COVID-19 leave no one behind. Photo courtesy of Royal Woluwe Institute

Humanity at its best

woman in protective gear sews face masks

Maryna, a community worker at the Arts Centre for Children and Youth in Chasiv Yar village, Ukraine, makes face masks on a sewing machine donated by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and civil society partner, Proliska. She is among the many people around the world who are voluntarily addressing the shortage of masks on the market. Photo: UNHCR/Artem Hetman

Keep future leaders learning

A mother helps her daughter Ange, 8, take classes on television at home in Man, Côte d'Ivoire. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, caregivers and educators have responded in stride and have been instrumental in finding ways to keep children learning. In Côte d'Ivoire, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) partnered with the Ministry of Education on a ‘school at home’ initiative, which includes taping lessons to be aired on national TV and radio. Ange says: “I like to study at home. My mum is a teacher and helps me a lot. Of course, I miss my friends, but I can sleep a bit longer in the morning. Later I want to become a lawyer or judge." Photo: UNICEF/UNI320749

Global solidarity

People in Nigeria’s Lagos State simulate sneezing into their elbows during a coronavirus prevention campaign. Many African countries do not have strong health care systems. “Global solidarity with Africa is an imperative – now and for recovering better,” said United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres. “Ending the pandemic in Africa is essential for ending it across the world.” Photo: UNICEF Nigeria/2020/Ojo

A new way of working

Henri Abued Manzano, a tour guide at the United Nations Information Service (UNIS) in Vienna, speaks from his apartment. COVID-19 upended the way people work, but they can be creative while in quarantine. “We quickly decided that if visitors can’t come to us, we will have to come to them,” says Johanna Kleinert, Chief of the UNIS Visitors Service in Vienna. Photo courtesy of Kevin Kühn

Life goes on

Hundreds of millions of babies are expected to be born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fionn, son of Chloe O'Doherty and her husband Patrick, is among them. The couple says: “It's all over. We did it. Brought life into the world at a time when everything is so uncertain. The relief and love are palpable. Nothing else matters.” Photo: UNICEF/UNI321984/Bopape

Putting meals on the table

Sudanese refugee Halima, in Tripoli, Libya, says food assistance is making her life better. COVID-19 is exacerbating the existing hunger crisis. Globally, 6 million more people could be pushed into extreme poverty unless the international community acts now. United Nations aid agencies are appealing for more funding to reach vulnerable populations. Photo: UNHCR

Supporting the frontlines

woman handing down box from airplane to WFP employee

The United Nations Air Service, run by the World Food Programme (WFP), distributes protective gear donated by the Jack Ma Foundation and Alibaba Group, in Somalia. The United Nations is using its supply chain capacity to rapidly move badly needed personal protective equipment, such as medical masks, gloves, gowns and face-shields to the frontline of the battle against COVID-19. Photo: WFP/Jama Hassan

Ballet Manguinhos resumes performing after a COVID-19 hiatus with “Woman: Power and Resistance”. Photo courtesy Ana Silva/Ballet Manguinhos

Brazilian ballet pirouettes during pandemic

Ballet Manguinhos, named for its favela in Rio de Janeiro, returns to the stage after a long absence during the COVID-19 pandemic. It counts 250 children and teenagers from the favela as its performers. The ballet group provides social support in a community where poverty, hunger and teen pregnancy are constant issues.

Nazira Inoyatova is a radio host and the creative/programme director at Avtoradio FM 102.0 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Photo courtesy Azamat Abbasov

Radio journalist gives the facts on COVID-19 in Uzbekistan

The pandemic has put many people to the test, and journalists are no exception. Coronavirus has waged war not only against people's lives and well-being but has also spawned countless hoaxes and scientific falsehoods.

Shoppers wear face masks while browsing a street market in Jordan. United Nations photo: UN Jordan/ Mohammad Abu Ghoush

Access to information is the cure of disinformation

The pandemic has exposed how important it is for the right to access to information to be respected and for accurate reliable information to be freely available for decision-making by both governments and citizens: A win-win situation.

Short on time?

Essay Service Examples Health Vaccination

Covid-19 Vaccine Argumentative Essay

To what extent do you support or oppose the governments’ mandatory vaccination policies against the Covid-19 pandemic?

For more than a year, people from many countries have been living through the peak of the global COVID-19 pandemic around the world, which has caused serious and terrible consequences, because of this, there is now a chase for the development of the necessary vaccines. A large number of health officials are calling on their societies to get vaccinated in order to get rid of this terrible virus that is spreading all over the world as soon as possible, or in other words, these people want to make a series of vaccinations mandatory for each person. However, in my opinion, this is a personal issue, where each individual must make a choice for himself or herself whether to vaccinate himher or not, since they should take into account the incorrect introduction and the perception of different organisms.

First of all, a substantial number of influential individuals or entrepreneurs began to advertise and show in their personal accounts on their social networks that they decided to trust and get vaccinated. For instance, Karen Wazen, who is a Lebanese influencer and a famous entrepreneur in Dubai, posted on her Instagram page that she and her family trusted a certain hospital and received vaccination against COVID-19, and now they are isolated and sitting at home taking it well. (Wazen, 2020). In good clinics, doctors are trained to administer and prescribe the correct doses of the drug, and other well-known personalities and officials are also given different doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine as part of the Dubai Health Authorityâs. While obtaining several doses of the vaccine from professionals in this field in private clinics helps people stay safe, there are individuals who are affected by incorrect entering vaccinations, as there are not enough doctors who have training for these types of vaccines. Hunt (2021) claims that âA doctor who did not receive the necessary vaccination training incorrectly prescribed two elderly people in a Queensland nursing home âa dose higher than the recommendedâ Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.â It suggests that there are much other public or conventional hospitals where doctors are not aware of certain conditions and the dose of prescribing is for an individual patient, and in addition, most people who are unable to pay for the procedure in private clinics are at huge risk of making vaccines in places with a more affordable price, and instead of protecting themselves from it, they earn themselves other difficulties.

Another point that is necessary to note is that there are already a huge number of organizations and their managers want to make their employees undergo mandatory coronavirus vaccinations, as Sorenson (2021) said ‘The advantage of introducing mandatory vaccines is that they can show that the employer is doing everything reasonably possible to protect the health of their employees.’ Companies such as airports or large international organizations believe that mandatory vaccination requirements should be introduced in the work environment so that their colleagues or employees can feel 100 percent safe, and healthy, and perform their roles and tasks with confidence. However, there are people who believe that whatever the vaccine is, there are different organisms that perceive the vaccine and other drugs as very difficult and with negative impacts, even if the doctor is the most professional and knows how to accurately prescribe the appropriate vaccine for each of their patients. Since individuals can have their own difficulties or illnesses in the body, in other words, each organism has the ability to quickly or slowly show various consequences. In addition, according to the World Health Organization’s Coronavirus envoy, David Nabarro, making the COVID-19 vaccine mandatory in different organizations could increasingly alienate workers or society as a whole from getting vaccinated, as ‘…we want people to do the right thing, in the right place, at the right time.’ (Nabarro, 2020). In this case, I believe that the management should leave the remote mode of work, or at least leave the choice to the employee and the individual.

After analyzing the whole situation, it should be noted that the health of society is more significant than the coronavirus vaccine, which can cause more harm than good to individuals which may sound strange because these vaccination therapies are created precisely to save and protect people from the terrible virus. On the other hand, the government and society should take into account that they are taking important and serious risks by making vaccines mandatory, and furthermore, they should take responsibility for this and provide strict choices to individuals about this. That is, in the midst of the peak of a pandemic, the state should isolate cities rather than take on even more legal risks, and society should observe self-isolation in order to circumvent the risks of contracting the virus or acquiring other diseases due to vaccination.

Saudi Research & Publishing company. (2020, March 15). Karen Wazen shares daily vlogs during self-isolation. Arab News. https:www.arabnews.comnode1641686lifestyle

ABC. (2021, February 24). COVID-19 Pfizer vaccine incorrectly administered to two patients at Brisbane aged care home. ABC News. https:www.abc.net.aunews2021-02-24coronavirus-Queensland-covid-vaccine-rollout-aged-care-brisbane13179280

Curley, C. (2021, January 26). Why Many Employers Want to Make COVID-19 Vaccines Mandatory. Healthline. https:www.HealthLine.comhealth-newswhy-many-employers-want-to-make-covid-19-vaccines-mandatory

BBC. (2020, November 20). WHOâs Nabarro: No to mandatory Covid vaccinations. BBC News. https:www.bbc.comnewsavworld-54990006

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Covid-19 origin debate 'squashed', ex-CDC chief Dr Robert Redfield claims

Dr Robert Redfield testifies at a 2020 Senate hearing

The former head of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has said he was "sidelined" over his views on the origins of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Dr Robert Redfield was the key witness in a US congressional committee's first public hearing as it investigates how the coronavirus emerged.

He said he was cut out of early discussions on where the virus came from because he suspected a lab leak.

The accusation was dismissed by Dr Anthony Fauci as "completely untrue".

Many scientists point out there is no evidence that Covid leaked from a lab.

The White House has said there is no consensus across the US government on the virus's origins.

Some studies suggest the virus made the leap from animals to humans in Wuhan, China, possibly at the city's seafood and wildlife market.

The market is near the Wuhan Institute of Virology, a world-leading virus laboratory that conducted research into coronaviruses.

Dr Redfield, who led the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention when the outbreak began in 2020, was an early proponent of the lab leak theory.

He told the House select subcommittee, formed by the new Republican majority in the US House of Representatives, it was "not scientifically plausible" to him that the virus had natural origins.

He claimed he was "sidelined" at the beginning of the pandemic and excluded from meetings as his views were not in line with other major scientists like Dr Fauci, the de-facto face of the US pandemic response.

"It was told to me that they wanted a single narrative, and that I obviously had a different point of view," he said. "Science has debate and they squashed any debate."

Dr Fauci, who was not present at the hearing, denied Dr Redfield's accusation.

"No one excluded anyone," he told US news outlet Politico after the hearing.

"And the idea of saying that he was not wanted there because he had a different opinion … there were several people on the call who had the opinion that it might have been an engineered virus," said Dr Fauci, who retired from his government roles in December.

During his testimony, Dr Redfield also spoke of his opposition to so-called gain of function research, in which viruses are manipulated to become more infectious in lab environments.

He said that US agencies had likely funded such research at the Wuhan institute.

Divisive subject

The House panel, which consists of nine Republicans and seven Democrats, has said it aims to stay above the fray of partisan politics.

But that may prove difficult given the divisive subject matter.

On the panel is Republican congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene, who used Wednesday's hearing to air her concerns about decisions made by federal agencies during the pandemic.

At the outset of the hearing, Democrat Raul Ruiz protested the inclusion of witness Nicholas Wade, the author of a controversial book on race and genetics that has been endorsed by a former Ku Klux Klan leader.

Mr Ruiz argued Mr Wade had written a dangerous book and his testimony could not be relied upon, but Mr Wade defended his book and remained at the hearing.

The spectre of Donald Trump also hung over the proceedings, with Democrat Jamie Raskin suggesting the former president had been sycophantic and fawning in his approach to Chinese President Xi Jinping.

The House probe comes a week after FBI Director Christopher Wray said an unintentional lab incident was "most likely" how Covid originated.

A few days before that, the US Department of Energy said it had found the virus was most likely the result of a lab leak in Wuhan, but could only reach that conclusion with "low confidence".

In response to that, many scientists who have studied the virus said that there was no new scientific evidence pointing to a lab leak.

A natural origin is still the more likely theory, said Professor David Robertson, head of viral genomics and bioinformatics at the University of Glasgow.

More on this story

Covid origin likely China lab incident - FBI chief

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A computer monitor displays the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center data tracker

Johns Hopkins COVID-19 data hub ends after three years

Johns hopkins coronavirus resource center ceased collecting and reporting pandemic data.

By Doug Donovan

J ohns Hopkins University & Medicine's Coronavirus Resource Center ceased collecting and reporting COVID-19 data today—three years after the institution embarked on the unprecedented effort of publicly tracking and analyzing an unfolding pandemic in real time.

The pioneering public service has operated since the novel coronavirus was first detected in the United States in January 2020, surpassing 2.5 billion website views as it provided the public, journalists, and policymakers across the nation and around the world with reliable, real-time information and expert analysis. The website's comprehensive pandemic data—which has informed the tracking efforts of many researchers, government agencies, and media outlets around the world—will remain free and accessible to researchers, journalists, and the public for all data reported between Jan. 22, 2020, and March 10, 2023. And the interdisciplinary group of faculty and experts in data science, epidemiology, medicine, public health policy, and vaccinology that advised and led the Coronavirus Resource Center will continue to provide analysis and guidance to the public regarding the ongoing pandemic.

In addition, multiple other COVID-19 resources at Johns Hopkins University & Medicine are continuing to operate and can be accessed through the links below.

The CRC initiative drew on the expertise and collaboration of researchers and faculty from across Johns Hopkins, including the Applied Physics Laboratory , the Bloomberg School of Public Health , the Center for Systems Science and Engineering in the Whiting School of Engineering , the School of Medicine , Sheridan Libraries , and the Bloomberg Center for Government Excellence .

Image shows a wall-mounted monitor with the CRC dashboard on display and people in the foreground

Influential COVID tracker shuts down

On Feb. 10, NPR's 'Morning Edition' broke the news that the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center plans to cease operations on March 10

"Every division of Johns Hopkins contributed to making the Coronavirus Resource Center into an invaluable, trusted source of information and guidance relied on by the public and policymakers," Johns Hopkins University President Ron Daniels said. "This interdisciplinary rapid response to the world's worst pandemic in a century exemplifies the critical role research universities have to play in global crises. Johns Hopkins remains committed to providing the public with the most up-to-date research and analysis of the pandemic and will use these same tools to keep building a safer, healthier, more stable global community."

Other COVID Resources at Johns Hopkins

News: The Hub , the news and information website for Johns Hopkins, publishes the latest news focused on COVID-19 research into vaccines, medical treatments, and public health measures

Public Health: The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health maintains the COVID-19 Projects and Initiatives that provides the latest research and practice efforts by Bloomberg faculty

Health security: The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security has been at the forefront of providing policymakers and the public with vital information on how to mitigate disease spread.

Vaccines: The Johns Hopkins International Vaccine Access Center offers an online, interactive map-based platform for easy navigation of hundreds of research reports into vaccine use and impact.

Treatments: Johns Hopkins Medicine provides various online portals that provide information about COVID-19 patient care, vaccinations, testing and more.

Posted in Health , University News

Tagged covid-19 , coronavirus resource center

Hopkins winds down pioneering pandemic data tracking

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HMPPS COVID-19 statistics : February 2023

Official Statistics release providing monthly data of COVID-19 in HM Prison and Probation Service in England and Wales.

Title - HM Prison and Probation Service COVID-19 Statistics, February 2023

HM Prison and Probation Service COVID-19 Statistics, February 2023

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HM Prison and Probation Service COVID-19 Summary Tables, February 2023

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The HM Prison and Probation Service ( HMPPS ) COVID-19 statistics provides monthly data on the HMPPS response to COVID-19. It addresses confirmed cases of the virus in prisons and the Youth Custody Service sites, deaths of those individuals in the care of HMPPS and mitigating action being taken to limit the spread of the virus and save lives.

Data includes:

Deaths where prisoners, children in custody or supervised individuals have died having tested positive for COVID-19 or where there was a clinical assessment that COVID-19 was a contributory factor in their death.

Confirmed COVID-19 cases in prisoners and children in custody (i.e. positive tests).

Narrative on capacity management data for prisons.

Pre-release access

The bulletin was produced and handled by the ministry’s analytical professionals and production staff. For the bulletin pre-release access of up to 24 hours is granted to the following persons:

Ministry of Justice:

Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice; Minister of State for Prisons and Probation; Permanent Secretary; Second Permanent Secretary; Private Secretaries (x6); Deputy Director of Data and Evidence as a Service and Head of Profession, Statistics; Director General for Policy and Strategy Group; Deputy Director Joint COVID 19 Strategic Policy Unit; Head of News; Deputy Head of News and relevant press officers (x2)

HM Prison and Probation Service:

Director General Chief Executive Officer; Private Secretary - Chief Executive Officer; Director General Operations; Deputy Director of COVID-19 HMPPS Response; Deputy Director Joint COVID 19 Strategic Policy Unit

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