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15 Observation Essay Topics & Tips Used to Write More Brilliant Papers

“Nothing has such power to broaden the mind as the ability to investigate systematically and all that comes under thy observation in life.” Marcus Aurelius

Every person faces various life situations when it is important to acquire information from a primary source to answer specific questions. Grab an observation essay example to see how experts arrange such information. Fact, observation, and inference are three words students should memorize. Writing a good observation essay makes a movie director out of the writer: he/she is focused on describing a particular experience using five senses:

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What Is an Observation Essay and Its Purpose

Observation essay example of outline.

Read our unique guideline to have an observation essay example of outline!

You should face the problem discussed in your paper at least once in your life. To create a powerful observation essay, the author has to be a topic guru: describe what you survived or what inspires you.

Example: you decide to cover the topic of how safe it is to fly on a plane. It is not enough to take statistics and say it is the safest type of transport in the world without being the passenger. A good writer must share personal experience in order to support this claim. Attend a new restaurant before writing a review. Watch the latest movie before criticizing it in your work.

The planned experience involves taking notes, so carry a blank sheet of paper or mobile phone everywhere to write a part of what you wish to share. Leave the details for your first observation essay draft. Describe the entire process: from entering the restaurant and making an order to accepting the bill from the waiter. Conclude your impressions in the paper’s draft. Select several criteria to put a specific grade: quality of service, a variety of food, the location of the table, etc.

Each time your personal opinion changes (e.g., you order a different dish), write down these modifications. Put the events in a chronological order not to get confused. Ask your friends about the same restaurant to have a fuller picture before concluding.

Do not forget to obtain rights reserved once you’re done so that no one steals your words.

Write an Outline

To have a proper, logical paper structure, it is important to come up with an outline. Every time you get stuck, have a look at your observation essay plan to arrange the thoughts. You may change your final draft, but you must stick to the prepared outline. If your teacher requires, make a separate page with a detailed outline.

Do not hesitate to contact professional writing services in case you have problems with writing an outline or any other page.

1. Introduction

Wonder how to start off an essay ? Try to provide the reading audience with the unique opportunity to familiarize them with the described event/experience. Start with creating a sound hook sentence to catch your reader’s eyes. Share some background information to let the readers know why you have chosen the specific observation essay topics. Example: you discuss the political elections campaign; tell several words about the candidates and the general mood of the event. Write your thesis statement at the end of the paragraph. It will be the essay’s fundament.

        How to start an observation essay

2. Three-Paragraph Body

An observational essay has a body like any other type of academic assignment: research paper, article review, book report , etc. Teachers recommend developing a three-paragraph body with three powerful, supporting arguments. Arrange the notes according to your paper’s outline; add more details. Remember:

“Often it is tiny fragments which either make a picture convincing or incidental." Simone Bingemer

3. Concluding

Let's find out how to summarize an article . It is crucial to prevent your last paragraph from being wordy. Write a summary of the main points (arguments), restate your thesis sentence, and finish your paper with a call-to-action or another technique applied to leave powerful impressions. You may end with a rhetorical action, for example. Do not forget about the paper’s last page! The last page of an observation essay must contain a full bibliography list (list of references) to stress the author respects works with all rights reserved.

Proofread & Edit!

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Once you are done with your observation essay, do not hurry to submit your paper - there are several factors to check on every page:

Check whether the paper’s formatting corresponds to the instructor’s requirements; scan the final draft to see if it is 100% unique.

15 Most Effective Observation Essay Topics

Here is the list of observation essay topics to choose from:

Type the  essay title you like in Google search field to find a good observation essay example to use in your work.

Get Several Good Observation Essay Writing Tips

Remember: it is necessary to share lessons learned in order to highlight the importance of your selected topic. You can find excellent observation essay examples online. If you feel your observation essay lacks something, or you want a professional writer to proofread & edit your paper, feel free to order online academic assistance from one of the most credible companies.

Enrich your outlook by getting involved in something completely new. Share your personal experience in your own words!

More than 80% of students share they understand the topic better with the help of examples. Teachers who realize the power of visualization in learning try to involve images/videos in their lessons to explain the material in-depth. They may assign an illustration essay to teach this trick to their s...

Informative essay writing is an art that every student needs to master. In order to graduate from any educational establishment, one has to accomplish a lot of writing assignments successfully. Thus, essay writing skills are of utmost importance when it comes to student’s academic performance and gr...

Descriptive essay is one of the most popular types of academic writing for college, high school, and middle school students. The goal of writing a descriptive essay is to break down a certain thing, event, person, or phenomenon and provide its detailed description. A descriptive essay is a short pap...

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Observation Essays (Examples)

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Observation and Analysis of a Fast Food Restaurant

Fast Food Restaurant: McDonalds For this study, the researchers went to a McDonald's fast food restaurant to observe operations during a standard high-traffic weekday lunch hour (11am-2pm). The goal of the study was to observe different operational aspects of the business. These operational aspects included: role differentiation; coordination mechanisms; technology; and stakeholders. The observation yielded surprising information about fast food workers. They were far more efficient than we had previously assumed, with an error rate that was lower than we would have guessed. In addition, the workers were not treated very well by some of the customers, though management seemed to treat them well. Introduction and Overview For this project, we engaged in an observation at a local McDonald's fast food restaurant. The observation occurred during a weekday lunch hour, from 11am until 2pm. We chose this time after asking the McDonald's manager to tell us the highest-traffic times for…

Observation of Hepatitis B Community Group Meeting

Community Group Meeting Observation for Hepatitis B One of the major ways of promoting personal involvement in health policy issues is through involvement in community group meeting. Personal involvement in health policy issues regarding Hepatitis B is also facilitated through participation and observation in a community group meeting. While they are not professional meetings, community group meetings influence policy formulation through discussions on various issues relating to the community in relation to the disease, treatment measures, and effectiveness of the treatment measures in the community. Through discussing various issues relating to a specific health issue, community group meetings develop certain goals that influence health planning and/or policy development. An example of the impact of a community group meeting in policy development for Hepatitis B is a Hepatitis B community meeting that was sponsored by Korean Community Services in New York. Hepatitis B Program Hepatitis B meeting was held on April…

"Background and Rationale for Hepatitis B" (2010, January). New York State. Retrieved from Department of Health -- New York State website: https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/hepatitis/strategic/background_rationale_hepatitis_b.htm

"Involving and Communicating with the Community." (2005, November 30). Public Health

Assessment Guidance Manual. Retrieved from Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry website:   http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/PHAManual/ch4.html  

Kaye, G. (2014). Conducting Effective Meetings. Retrieved from University of Kansas website:

Observation in Classroom

Teacher esponsibilities Observed Lowe, and Motely plan for the Unit 1 Poetry Segment Through observation it has become apparent that the Ms. Lowe has numerous responsibilities throughout the day. She was often planning lessons, teaching students in an imaginative fashion and partnering with Ms. Smith on instruction material The team of English teachers is also very collaborative. They utilize ideas, thoughts and concepts to their advantage, particularly when designing classroom assignments. The team, in regards to responsibilities also delegates tasks in an efficient manner. The teachers were also responsible for creating quiz content that reinforced student knowledge of the material. This surprisingly, was a daunting tasks as the team wanted to create an evaluation that wasn't too strenuous, but also would demonstrate understanding. Elements of standardized testing also came into the discussion when designing quiz material. Another responsibility was creating an environment conducive for learning. Teachers wanted to allow student…

Reference: Page 169 "The majority of teachers' task-presentation statements are neutral, and many are negative." (This quote is used to prove that differentiated instruction is needed to move from a neutral statement to one that is positive for students."

Public Observation

Public qualitative observation: WOW Fitness Center WOW Fitness Center is a part of a chain of gyms which offers a wide variety of weight machines, cardio machines, and fitness classes. There is also a juice bar located within WOW. WOW charges monthly membership fees that are relatively low in cost and thus it attracts a wide representation of persons from the larger community of varying levels of fitness. It often offers trial membership subscriptions to lure new people to the gym and free weekly passes for those people who wish to try out WOW. To do my observation, I obtained a one week free weekly pass. The gym is large and sprawling, with several rooms boasting various types of equipment. Although some rooms have more cardiovascular equipment or more weight machines than others, there is no specific room devoted to one or the other. Televisions hang above many of the…

Janesick, V. (2011). Stretching exercises for qualitative researchers. Sage.

Obtrusive and Non-Obtrusive Observation

Unobtrusive observation on the word "fuck" with friends and family: Fuck was often used by the males of the family when expressing disappointment or disregard for authority. It was often used in an informal and casual setting with light emphasis on the word when it came to disappointment and strong emphasis when it came to anger. I noticed early on that the males of the family would curse more with each other than in the presence of females. When with women and girls, they not only changed their speaking tone and mannerisms, they also became quieter in conversation. The males also demonstrated similar behavior amongst friends. Age was not a dependent factor on using "fuck" as they would use to speak of intercourse, not caring, or showing remorse or disbelief. Examples would include: "I fucking feel so bad for him." "I fucked her pretty good." "Fuck yeah buddy." The last…

Classroom Observation Quality Questioning Is

It is a quantitative instrument, that has been statistically validated, and probably most appropriate as an instrument to ensure adherence to certain state and/or national standards. MCC -- Dialogue approach to rating a teacher's performance. Both qualitative and quantitative in nature, does encourage robust dialogue between teacher and observer, and more self-analysis from the instructor. Essentially an evolving template that can be used in multiple grades, classrooms, and subject areas. ubric is clear, concise, and well-developed. Allows for all types of rating structures, as well as localized adherence to district and/or state standards. Allows for video taping, and is robust in terms of classroom layout and management. PEP -- ather short, quantitative instrument, that is designed to primarily assess math and science in the K-8 level. It is appropriate for regular observation, more valuable as an indicator of whether a certain lesson met standard than the overall competence level of…

Reinke, W.M., et.al. (2008). The Classroom Check-up: A Classwide Teacher Consultation Model for Increasing Praise and Decreasing Disruptive Behavior.

School Psychology Review. 37 (3): 315-21.

Saginor, N. (2008). Diagnostic Classroom Observation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Wragg, E. (1999). An Introduction to Classroom Observation. New York: Taylor & Francis.

Naturalistic Observation the Observation Took

She agreed. The first twenty minutes of the observation is complete at this stage. At this time the strongest support for my hypothesis is the non-verbal behavior and the final sentences of the conversation. The hypothesis was tested and confirmed during the second twenty minutes of the conversation. The male and female continued to display non-verbal behavior that supported the hypothesis regarding their developing feelings for each other. They frequently touched hands and looked into each other's eyes. They also smiled more frequently at each other than at me and gave more attention to each other than to me. When speaking to each other, both the female and male leaned forward slightly and focused their attention on the other. In terms of conversation, the subject of the conversation continued to revolve around college life and how this contrasted with their lives at home. They appeared to agree that they were…

Kitchen The Second Observation Upon Entering My

Kitchen: The Second Observation Upon entering my kitchen for a second observation, the first feature I notice is the bright orange walls that remind me of summer. My eyes are then drawn to the wide window with light pouring in. The window has a deep ledge and on this ledge sits a small potted cactus that my brother purchased several days ago. As I look around I notice the large stainless steel appliances and how they compliment the wide expanse of granite countertops. The double-door refrigerator consists of a cold water dispenser and an ice maker. It is five feet tall and four feet wide, but it is built in so it does not overpower the kitchen. It also consists of cheery wood panels that blend well with the rest of the cabinetry. Other major appliances include a microwave sitting above a convection oven, a dishwasher, a wine refrigerator, and…

Teacher Observing Observation Elementary School

The students were animated and worked diligently; at times, it was necessary to tone down the volume of voice. The 45 minutes went by quickly. THOUGHTS This more flexible and nontraditional method of teaching worked in most cases. However, there were times, depending on the students, when someone asked for help and could not find anyone free or asked for help and was helped to quickly and did not truly understand the rationale for the answer. STUDENTS WENT to LUNCH While this class went to lunch and the play ground, the observer went to the special needs room. This area was for about a dozen students maximum at a time. The students there ranged from ADD to a child who was incapable of acquiring any more learning. There was one teacher and the students all in one row along a long table. The teacher sat on the opposite side of…

Preschoolers Observation the Observation Took Place at

Preschoolers Observation The observation took place at a local playground in a nearby park, because I felt that this would be the most comfortable, and therefore the most conducive environment for gathering the information I needed unobtrusively. I also chose this venue because according to renowned Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, playing is a critical part of the development process -- it enhances social exchanges, teaches a child patience such as how to wait their turn and inspires creative thinking and problems solving (Piaget, 1963). I sat on a bench and my attention almost immediately went to a young girl with short brown hair who seemed to be about 4 years old. She had just arrived with a woman I assumed to be her mother, and she was quick to get into the action. I decided to name her "Lydia" for this purpose of this observation report. "Lydia's" attention turned quickly…

Bandura A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall

Corey, G. (2009). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks / Cole.

Maslow, A., (1970) Motivation and personality, 2nd ed., Harper & Row

Piaget, J. (1963). Psychological intelligence. Patterson, N.J. Littlefield Adams Publishers.

Group Observation the Breaking Down

At the third session, the same member expressed sympathy for the same woman and both of them shed some tears. By the third session I observed it became apparent that the group was solidly within the third stage, developing the cohesiveness necessary to meet the group goals. When any group member exhibited resistance or antagonism, another member would point it out before a leader had to say anything. I also noticed that the leaders intervened less during the third session than at either of the first two. Group members seemed to have gotten into a rhythm within the format of the group so that strong leadership was not as necessary as it might have been during the first two stages. When leaders did intervene they did so sensitively and carefully, not patronizing the members but assuming they knew why they were in the group and also how the group would…

Classroom Observation Interview Transcripts Interview 1 With

Classroom Observation Interview Transcripts Interview #1 with myself and Mrs. Evans. Myself: Hello I am a student and I am interested in observing your classroom for one hour of play if that is possible? Mrs. Evans: Sure, we have playtime at 10:00 AM and at 1:00pm. Myself: Great, I just need to observe one student. I will be there tomorrow at 12:30. Mrs. Evans: Your welcome, I will speak to you again when you arrive. Make sure to come prepared to learn and take some good notes. Myself: Thanks again for this opportunity and I appreciate your time. Interview #2 with myself and Mrs. Evans Mrs. Evans: A good student for your observation today would be Billy. Myself: Thanks, I was going to ask if there is a student you recommend I observe. Mrs. Evans. Billy is one of the smartest kids in the class and really teaches the other…

Interview 1 with Mrs. Evans

Interview 2 with Mrs. Evans.

Anecdotal Record.

Interpersonal Non-Verbal Communication Observation

Interpersonal Non-Verbal Communication Observation The importance of Non-Verbal Communication is evident in the fact that it constitutes the bulk of human communication. The fact that non-verbal communication is more important than any other form of communication is due to the emotional information it conveys, which is otherwise usually controlled or concealed. Thus, human beings base their feelings and emotional responses not so much on what another person says, but upon what another person does. In fact, it is estimated that the impact of non-verbal communication on a message's meaning can be as high as 93%. It is, therefore, obvious that learning to interpret nonverbal communication is critical in order to effectively decode meaning and underlying motivations in messages. But, first, it would be necessary to define the concept itself: "Non verbal communication is a process whereby people, through intentional or unintentional manipulation of normative actions and expectations express experiences, feelings,…

Works Cited

Collier, G & DiCarlo, D. "Emotional Expression." Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum

Associates, 1985.

Dunn, L.J. "Nonverbal Communication: Information Conveyed Through the Use of Body language." Missouri Western State College. Accessed Apr. 29, 2004: http://clearinghouse.mwsc.edu/manuscripts/70.asp

Harris, T.E. "Applied Organizational Communication: Perspectives,

Ethograms Animal Observation Lab All Ethological Research

Ethograms Animal Observation Lab All ethological research must begin with accurate observation of the subjects at hand. One of the most important aspects of accurate observation is that the observer be able to isolate and distinguish one type of behavior from another. For example, when a primate scratches itself, is it engaging in ritual grooming behavior or is it simply scratching an insect bite? esearchers must be able to distinguish and catalogue such differences if they are to acquire a complete picture of the range of meaningful behaviors of an animal (Shanor & Kanwal, 2009). In my observations of two species of animals at the Bronx Zoo I was able to observe (and record) a number of distinct behaviors. In observing a group of monkeys (some orange in color, others dark brown) I was very much aware of the fact that the different individual monkeys displayed very distinctive behavior: I…

Shanor, K. & Kanwal, J. (2009). Bats Sing, Mice Giggle: Revealing the Secret Lives of Animals. London: Icon.

Criminal Court Observation as I Wandered Into

Criminal Court Observation As I wandered into the courtroom (after a considerable amount of time waiting in line to clear the metal detector in the main hall of the courthouse), I hardly felt comfortable. The room was stuffy from the people who had arrived before me, and I could not help but wonder if I was sitting next to family members of the defendant (who would turn out to be a young white male dressed in an orange jumpsuit. Interestingly, what I recall most strongly was the sight of the man, one Wayne Thomson, as he was led shuffling into the room in handcuffs and shackles. I wondered how he felt -- scared, humiliated, angry? From looking at his face briefly before he sat down, he looked absolutely blank. Although it seems silly, I actually felt frightened myself after the judge railed angrily at another person sitting on the bench…

Non-Participant Observation the Setting I Have Chosen

Non-Participant Observation The setting I have chosen is the first floor of the public library. The first floor is at street level. People can walk in and go to the elevator, which is on the right-hand side. They can also go straight ahead to the staircase. To get to the main reading room and circulation area, where I am situated, they take a left. There is no security check to get through; patrons simply walk in and out without having to wait in line or have their belongings checked. The main reading room and circulation area is a single, large, high-ceilinged room, giving the feeling of spaciousness. The layout is simple. There are bookcases along all three walls, as would be expected, except for one wall where there are windows. Underneath the windows there are carts of books waiting to be shelved. These carts are somewhat messy, with uneven piles…

Cultural Observation

Cultural Observation The television program Criminal Minds is a modern police procedural which deals with the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) criminal profiling unit, the Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU). Throughout the episodes of the program, the situation is set up so it is "us vs. them" with the FBI representing law and order and their opposition representing criminality. There are two sets of characterizations, those in law enforcement and the perpetrators of crime. From an aesthetic perspective, the characters are designed to look like they belong to one of these two factions. Either they are part of the professional world of the FBI, or they are part of the outside world where they might dress similar to the investigators but exhibit their differences from the law-abiding via their personalities. This is not only limited to the good guy vs. bad guy dynamic, but also found within the collection of FBI…

Observation Plan for Nurse Leader

As a "guardian of care," a nurse leader fulfills one of the most important roles in healthcare. All aspiring nurses and nurse leaders need to learn by observation and critical analysis of what a nurse leader does and how nurse leaders make their decisions. Observing a nurse leader entails documenting details of the day, with a goal of recognizing themes. The following is a plan of observation of a nurse leader who is actively engaged in their role. Methodologies The plan of observation is to serve as participant-observer, in a classic ethnographic role. This means that as an observer, I will not simply stand aside and watch but also actively participate in the target research environment, even interacting with the nurse leader when necessary. A participant-observer role allows for naturalistic observations as a qualitative research method. Expected Roles and Behaviors as a Participant-Observer As a nurse who is aspiring to…

Observations About School Relationships

School Observation: Springfield Gardens Middle School The focus of this school observation is PS 59, Springfield Gardens Middle School in New York City. The observation was conducted in three separate settings: a math class, the cafeteria, and the school's main office. The goal of the observation was to gain insight on the relationships between different stakeholders in the school community, including teachers, students, staff, administration, and parents, and how these relationships influence the connectedness of the school environment. The assumption is that school connectedness as summarized by Blum (2004), can be measured by the presence or absence of factors such as positive student-faculty rapport, high academic expectations, and publically displayed efforts to strengthen school culture and safety. The observations of the school, thus, considered school connectedness as evidenced by student-teacher rapport, exhibition of student work, teaching methods, and classroom comportment, and interaction between staff members. In addition, student body and…

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. (2004). School "Connectedness: Improving Student's Lives." Baltimore, Maryland. Blum, R.

New York City Department of Education. (2010) "I.S. 059 Springfield Gardens: Progress Report, 2009-2010." NYC Department of Education, New York, New York. Retrieved from   http://schools.nyc.gov/OA/SchoolReports/2009-10/Progress_Report_Overview_2010_EMS_Q059.pdf  . 24, Feb. 2011.

New York City Department of Education. (2010) "I.S. 059 Springfield Gardens: Learning Environment Survey Report: 2009-2010." NYC Department of Education, New York, New York. Retrieved from   http://schools.nyc.gov/OA/SchoolReports/2009-10/Survey_2010_Q059.pdf  . 24,Feb. 2011.

Observation Journal

It provides a marker for conducting and easily recording observations of complex learning. This is in a paperless format, highly efficient and engaging strategy." (Wren, 2011) (Ivers, 2003) This is illustrating how technology is critical to reaching out to students and offering them with further explanations about what is occurring. When this happens, they will be able to more effectively relate to key ideas and have a grasp of the way they can be utilized in the future. It is this point, when everyone will have a more hands on feel for these ideas and can easily remember them. (Wren, 2011) (Ivers, 2003) Moreover, Johnson (1994) found that having individuals work with each other in small groups is more effective than requiring them to sit and listen to someone presenting the material. Evidence of this can be seen with Johnson saying, "The ability of all students to learn to work…

Haberman, M. (1995). Star Teachers for Children and Youth in Urban Poverty. The Phi Delta Kappan, 76 (10),

pp. 777 -- 781.

Howard, G. (2007). As Diversity Grows So Must We. Responding to Changing Demographics, 6 (62),

pp. 16 -- 22.

Observation Recording Different Methods Used

Methods for Recording ObservationsThere are many methods available for recording observations namely video and audio recording, note taking, drawing sketches, photographs, or using computerized recorders. The most effective method for recording observations is video and audio recording. This method will not only allow for the capture of behavior, but also capturing the exact manner of how the behavior is enacted. Using video and audio recording, one can also capture the emotions behind the words a person is saying and offer definitive proof of someones statement. Inter-rater reliability checks can also be employed when using audio and video recording. This method is also generally harder to manipulate than written or typed notes. Using this method might offer the observer more in-depth information when compared to other methods of recording observations. However, this is a time consuming method mainly because one might record countless hours of useless shots and audio.The least effective…

Child Observation Term Winter 2014 John Age

Child Observation Term: Winter, 2014 John Age of Child: 6 years old Date of Observation: February 3, 2014 Time of Observation: 9:00 to 10:00 Place of Observation: Child Care Center Other People Present in the Observation Setting: 1 teacher, 1 assistants, 15 other children Development: Appears mostly normal; has some problems with fine motor skills and challenging cognitive skills. Permission: Permission was granted by the Director of the Child Care Center, the child's teacher and his parents John was observed unobtrusively from some distance. The observer sat at a desk in the classroom while the teacher and assistant worked with children. The observer did not interact with the child and in fact remained out of the way of the children and teachers for the duration of the observation. The observation included classroom activities such as children writing their names, coloring, and building puzzles. The children then had snacks after which…

McLeod, S. (2009). Jean Piaget. Simple Psychology. Retrieved from:   http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html  

McLeod, S. (2007). Lev Vygotsy. Simple Psychology. Retrieved from:

Infant Observation and Parents Interview

Introduction Ryon is a twelve-month-old, blond-haired, blue-eyed, White toddler. He is fair-skinned with almond-shaped eyes. I met him at a friend’s suburban residence, on 1st November, 2017, where her mom provides daycare services. I spent time between 2 p.m. and 5 p.m. at her place. I discovered Ryon seated on the living room floor. Though equipped with only a TV set and a couple of couches, the setting seemed rather comfortable and safe (Lake, 2017). Observation The boy seems to find no difficulty sitting up. It appears he is confident of his ability to maintain balance. He is seated feet-outwards, with legs wide out. The boy is able to lean forward till his tummy reaches the floor, though he requires a certain amount of effort in order for sitting back up. When he crawls, his hands are spread flat across the floor, with fingers made wide and feet pointed nearly…

Psychology -- Observations Scenario This

He also checked his watch regularly and he seemed to check for messages of some sort several times because he used his cell phone to dial a number and then pressed buttons and listened briefly to the phone before hanging up. When the bartender approached to ask whether he wanted another drink, he responded politely by shaking his head and putting up his hand; once the bartender left to attend to other customers, the subject moved his almost empty glass a little bit closer to himself and also slightly repositioned the napkin next to the empty stool to his left. Shortly afterwards, several more people approached the bar near him and one of them asked him whether the empty stool was occupied. He seemed to respond more apologetically than necessary because he continued explaining long after the individual who asked about it began nodding and indicating with his hand gestures…

Scientific Observation That Distinguish it From Our

scientific observation that distinguish it from our everyday observation are that scientific observation is conducted using precisely defined observational conditions; by performing the observations systematically and objectively; and through keeping careful and accurate records. Scientific observation, as opposed to everyday observations, must take place within certain well-defined parameters, whether in naturalistic or laboratory settings. Furthermore, the scientist does not choose the parameters arbitrarily but rather relies on such methods as sampling to conduct the observations and experiments in a way that renders them valid. For example, if a researcher wanted to examine the effects of watching violent video games on a child's behavior, he or she would first have to determine which video games would be deemed violent, and what specific behavioral affects to look for. An everyday observation of the same phenomenon would be far less precise. Also, everyday observation can be passive and filtered through the individual's biases…

Criminology Inaccurate and Selective Observations Are Common

Criminology Inaccurate and selective observations are common problems in all realms of research. In fact, they are basic perceptual fallacies that can lead to problems like stereotyping. Selective observation and inaccurate observations often occur unnoticed, and it take a lot of effort to recognize when such problems occur. However, researchers must remain aware of such errors, by being vigilant about their own work and by peer reviewing the work of others. Schutt (2010) defines selective observation as "choosing to look only at things that are in accordance with our preferences or beliefs," (p. 4). Selective observation can be a major impediment to criminological research and law enforcement. One example of selective observation is racial profiling. As Dantzker & Hunter (2011) point out, selective observation "is when one sees only those things that one wants to see" and that "racial and ethnic stereotyping" are among the most common forms of the…

Dantzker, M.K. & Hunter, R. (2011). Research Methods for Criminology and Criminal Justice. Jones & Bartlett.

Schutt, R.K. (2010). The Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice. Sage.

Total Set of Thirty Observations

Customer Service Triage at Home Depot Despite the self-service checkout lanes being staffed by an associate to manage all four of the self-service locations, with custom orders and big-ticket items they had to inevitably get the store manager involved to alleviate the conflicts with customers. The time required to resolve both the custom orders and big-ticket purchases actually took more time for customers than it would have taken to just go through the traditional checkout lanes. The lack of information workflow, process, pricing, and employee knowledge of the processes was evident by watching the series of transactions completed. The triage or problem solving of the store manager took an inordinate amount of time to troubleshoot the pricing discrepancies on the service contracts alone would have made it much simpler to have also gone through the traditional check-out lanes. The more complex the transaction the greater the need for Home Depot…

AMR Research (2003) - Self-Checkout Systems -- Waiting for the 'Aha!' Moment. Wednesday April 9, 2003. Paula Rosenblum. Boston, MA

AMR Research-1 (2003) - the Aha Moment Arrives Wednesday April 9, 2003. Paula Rosenblum. Boston, MA

CapGemini (2003) - TRANSFORMING the SHOPPING EXPERIENCE THROUGH TECHNOLOGY, a Study in European Consumer Buying Behaviour. Accessed from the Internet on November 6, 2007 from location:   http://www.no.capgemini.com/m/no/tl/pdf_Transforming_The_Shopping_Experience_Through_Technology__A_Study_in_European_Consumer_Buying_Behaviour_.pdf  

Appendix a:

Child Care Developmental Observation of Five-Year-Old Statement

Child Care Developmental Observation of Five-Year-old Statement of esearch/Observation: To observe a five-year-old female child in her natural setting to determine age appropriate developmental stages. Description of Child Being Observed: The subject is a five-year-old female: Maribel. Planning Stages: My friend has a five-year-old niece. The subject's mother was contacted and agreed to allow the observations to take place in her home and on the playground. The project was discussed and plans were made to accommodate all involved parties. Introductory Visit: The introductory visit was conducted at my friend's house, also the child's grandmother's home. Maribel often visits her grandmother and is very comfortable within this home setting. Upon this visit, Maribel was introduced to me as her aunt's visitor. She said, "hi" to me, and asked me if I was visiting her aunt. I replied yes, and asked Maribel if she would like to sit with me and wait…

Alliance for Childhood. "Importance of play." 2 May, 2003 http://www.allianceforchildhood.net/projects/play/index.htm

Bergen, D. Pretend Play and Young Children's Development. ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood, 2001. ERIC,ED458045.

Fisch, S.M., & Truglio, R.T. (2001). "G" is for growing: Thirty years of research on children and Sesame Street. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Kagan, J. "Child." World Book Online Reference Center. 2004. World Book, Inc. 25 Mar. 2004.   http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar110700  .

Anthropological Observations Walking Downtown Is

Additionally, many were on their cell phones; it seemed like they were purposely trying to find ways to keep them from interacting with each other. This showed a clear disconnect between the different subgroups that are in such close proximity of one another. Only a few actually spoke to each other, and when this was observed it was typically using only brief statements. Social manners say a lot about a society's culture. Watching what interactions that did take place showed the clear signs of what is acceptable within this society. People would ask each other questions with polite statements ending in "please" and "thank you." This signifies a sense of manners, but also a sense of coldness that only is present within interactions between strangers. The interactions between these individuals were very formal, showing a use of language that separated the individuals from other members of society who might otherwise…

Eichberg, Henning. (2010). How to study body culture: Observing human practice. International Society of Eastern Sports & P.E. Web. http://www.isdy.net/pdf/eng/national_04.pdf

Engel, Claudia a. & Ebron, Paulla a. (2004). Mapping key concepts in cultural anthropology. Concept Maps: Theory, Methodology, Technology. Web.   http://cmc.ihmc.us/papers/cmc2004-029.pdft  

O'Neil, Dennis. (2006). What is culture? Palomar University. Web. http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm

Artifact Fieldwork Observation Report Intasc Standard Communication

Artifact: "Fieldwork Observation Report" INTASC Standard: COMMUNICATION SKILLS: The teacher uses knowledge of effective verbal, non-verbal and media communication techniques to foster active inquiry, collaboration, and supportive interaction in the classroom. In this artifact, the writer considered and analyzed what he observed during about 20 hours in a high school classroom. He noted both strengths and weaknesses in the teaching he saw. He noted that many students were actively engaged in the discussions. He reported that the teacher drew relevant examples from the novel being studied, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, and today, and extended that lesson into an assignment for the students. He observed students who were able to summarize the lessons well and enthusiastic desire to respond in many students. However, he also noted that students for whom English was not their first language seemed less engaged and markedly less likely to participate, and he did not observe…

Cultural Observation In any culture, the way someone dresses will have an impact in identifying who they are and the traditions which are embraced. The Indian civilization has their own form of dress that is holding onto various social customs in the form of the sari. To fully understand how this is impacting society requires carefully examining the cultural context of the dress ensemble, providing a description of it and discussing various influences (such as: somatotypes). Together, these elements will highlight the impact of these styles on different segments of society. (Katiyar, 2009) Briefly describe the cultural context of the dress practice or ensemble. The Indian sari is a strip of indistinct cloth which is worn by women. It is from four to nine yards in length and is draped over the body in various styles. The outfit is worn based upon historical traditions which are dating back to the…

The Classification System of Dress. (2013).

The Three Somatotypes. (2013). University of Houston. Retrieved from:   http://www.uh.edu/fitness/comm_educators/3_somatotypesNEW.htm  

Eicher, J. (2008). The Visible Self: Global Perspectives on Dress, Culture, and Society. New York, NY: Fairchild Books.

Katiyar, V. (2009). Indian Saris. New Delhi: Wisdom Tree.

Classroom Observation

Introduction It is easy to assume that a comprehensive decision making theory gives a reliable basis for an observation scheme for a classroom. However, it is apparent that even though the practical and theoretical ventures overlap in many respects the core of the theoretical tenets are fundamentally variant. They are broader in some respects and narrow in others. The deterrents of real time implementation are significant and thus the scheme of analysis is fundamentally different from the theory frames that led to (Schoenfeld, 2013. At the onset, I believed that teaching was about spending 8 hours teaching and having a great time with children. Indeed, teaching seemed the easiest career choice for me. However, having interacted with many a student from across the age spectrum and educational levels, there is a side of the world that can only be viewed from the inside of a class. I changed my mind…

English Language Arts observations report

High school student leader English Language Arts (ELA) observations report Observations • Incorporates major content components and aids pupils in applying higher order thinking skills within learning. • Displays the capability of relating current content to prior experiences, future learning, practical application and other disciplines. • Displays correct knowledge regarding the topic taught. • Displays abilities that are pertinent to the lesson. • Centers teaching on objectives which echo superior expectations and a grasp of the discipline. • Undertakes realistic time-planning in the areas of pacing, transition and subject mastery. • Undertakes efficient differentiated instruction planning. • Ensures pupils' involvement and dynamic learning. • Builds on pupils' current skills and knowledge. • Makes use of instructional technology for improving pupils' learning. • Communicates explicitly and confirms student understanding. • Applies various valid evaluation tools and approaches relevant to the pupil population and content. • Employs evaluation tools for summative as…

Verdery's Central Observations About Nationalism

This makes it possible for the general public to comprehend that a community that seems to be strong can easily be divided by people's personal beliefs and by their backgrounds. It is very likely for individuals to express interest in detaching themselves from a group that they are associated with as a consequence of feeling that they do not actually belong to the respective community (Verdery, 232). Jewish groups in Palestine considered that they were exposed to a series of threats as a result of the fact that they lived in mixed neighborhoods. They believe that they would be stronger if they had the opportunity to unite in a community that would no longer accept to be persecuted. Even with this, many Jews were hesitant about getting involved in a group that would act against Ottoman principles and feared that they would suffer if they adopted a nationalist attitude. The…

Bibliography:

Baumgarten, Elias, "Zionism, Nationalism, and Morality," Retrieved December 19, 2011, from the Web Environment Website:   http://www-personal.umich.edu/~elias/zionism.htm  

Campos, Michelle U. "BETW EEN "BELOVED OTTOMANIA" AND

"THE LAND OF ISRAEL": THE STRUGGLE

OVER OTTOMANISM AND ZIONISM AMONG

Participant Observation the Ritual Activity

Being a Muslim is an overriding cultural feature that cuts across a large number of races and nationalities, but many have the same common traits of gender segregation, emphasis on cleanliness and the same schedule of life. My Interpretation During the ritual I observed at the mosque, I was able to notice how the ritual impacts society. The first distinction is that there was a clear line created between those who are members of the in-group and those who are not. While I was welcome to be there, I was clearly in the latter group. I was welcome to observe, but not to participate in, the rituals. The performance of the rituals allows on to become a member of the society. It was interesting to see that elements of modern life have crept into the rituals, however. One example is that I observed younger members of the mosque texting outside…

Diversity Health Care Observation of Diversity in

Diversity Health Care OBSERVATION OF DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE: Does the healthcare workforce reflect the faces of the community they serve? The health care workforce is now beginning to reflect the faces of the communities in which they serve. Natural demographic changes in the United States make it necessary for the communities to reflect the changes in the underlying demographics. Hispanics are now the fastest growing population within the United States with nearly 37% of these individuals under the age of 18. The communities, in which the healthcare workforce interacts with, will undoubtedly change to reflect this demographic. Asian-Americans and African-American are also growing at a rapid interval. However, the changes have occurred in upper level management which reflects the changes in demographic composition. In addition, many of the lower level positions reflect the changes occurring in the broad macro level environment. Is there diversity in the management team? There…

Cultural Observation of Dress

Cultural Observation of Dress Why do all humans engage in the act of dressing the body? Consider how dress relates to both the physical and the social needs of the wearer. Everyone dresses according to social factors and to make themselves more physically appealing to other. This helps them to be seen as hip and enhance their appearance. These variables ensure that the social and individual needs of the person are met. This is when they will have greater amounts of self-confidence. (Eicher, 2008) f all humans dress themselves for the same basic reasons, why do we look so different from each other? Consider the influences of culture, age, gender, and other factors that distinguish people from one another. People look different based upon their cultural background, age and gender. These elements are combined together to provide the person with a unique sense of style. This is used to make…

Inside a corporate atmosphere everyone is expected to dress in a suit and tie. This helps them to appear to be more professional. These cultural variations are different from what I wear in normal society. They require distinct ensembles and do not overlap into these areas. (Eicher, 2008)

Update Miner's article on Nacirema (Reading I.2), and describe a currently popular and familiar grooming or dressing activity using Miner's technical writing style. Avoid ordinary words -- that is, lay terminology -- where a more abstract or scientific word will more accurately describe the activity to someone who is totally unfamiliar with the activity. Next, read what you've written and write down your reactions to how this changes your perception of the dressing activity.

Miner's article is discussing the appearance

John 13 1-17 Synthetic Observations

However, in general the author relies on strong nouns and verbs to tell the story. B. Composition 1. Verb choices are particularly strong and vibrant: the author uses words like "prompted," "wrapped," and "poured," which makes for a compelling and dramatic narrative and corresponds with the suspenseful atmosphere. 2. The author uses many complex sentences consisting of both dependent and independent clauses, but the author uses varied sentence structure to create rhythm. 3. The author uses subtle repetition: "not just my feet but my hands and my head as well," (John 13: 9). 4. The author uses parallelism also to create rhythm. For example, "he got up from the meal, took off his outer clothing, and wrapped a towel around his waist," (John 13:4). 5. Foreshadowing is one of the hallmarks of this passage. For example, "Jesus knew that the time had come for him to leave this world and…

Infant Birth-12 Months Old The Observation Is

infant (birth-12 months old). The observation is of Julie, the child of a friend who is 6 months old. Her parents are Jewish, the father is a Rabbi in the local Temple, the mother works as a physical therapist. The parents combine American and Jewish values in raising the child, and in comparison to any particular American child of her age, I do not expect to see nor do not see any particular cultural differences emerge as yet. The family may be described as lower to middle class; it is difficult to make distinctions. They do have a large family -- ten children, with both parents involved in parenting and maintenance of the household. It is a warm, cohesive family with both sets of grandparents living close by and with close family and communal ties. The observation was conducted last week and occurred during the duration of one and a…

Participant Observation Can for Purposes of Simplicity

Participant observation can, for purposes of simplicity, "be placed on a continuum with 'passive' participant observation at one end of the continuum, and 'active' participant observation at the other" (Burgess, 2003, p.69). These two forms of observer participation give rise to four strategies; complete participant, complete observer, participant-as-observer, and observer-as-participant, which have been better-explained through the scenarios below (Burgess, 2003). Observations of professional conduct in the classroom by the student author of a course evaluation guide The complete participant strategy works best in this case; the observer ought to act like a full member of the group and not reveal his research intentions because any suspicions by members of the observed group could lead them to display bias in an attempt to make the evaluation go a certain way. Observation of retail shoppers by a researcher who is interested in determining customer purchase time by type of goods purchased The…

Biggemann, S. (2010). Modeling the Structure of Business to Business Relationships. In Woodside, A.G. (Ed.), Organization Culture, Business to Business Relationships, and Interfirm Networks. (pp. 27-178). Bingley: Emerald Publishing Company.

Burgess, R. (2003). Some Role Problems in Field Research. In Burgess, R.G. (Ed.), Field Research: A Sourcebook and Field Manual (pp. 68-74). New York: Routledge.

  http://www.unm.edu/~marley/methppt/fall06/day11.ppt  .

Psychology - Human Observation Human

Discussion: It appears that the experimental hypothesis was confirmed by the data. The fact that no checkpoint agents permitted building access to strangers regardless of attractiveness established that if the phenomenon does exist at all, it is limited to situations where the checkpoint agent perceives no actual security risk (i.e. where the cohort is recognized by the agent as a building employee). The fact that male cohorts were denied access in every trial strongly implies that physical attractiveness in general does not influence the specific behavior being studied. Similarly, the fact that highly attractive female cohorts were denied access by female checkpoint agents in every instance strongly suggests that female attractiveness is not, generally associated with influence over the behavior being studied, but that female attractiveness does strongly influence In hundreds of trials, no males and no average looking females were permitted unauthorized access. No female agents permitted any cohort…

Bibliography

Gerrig, R, Zimbardo, P. (2007). Psychology and Life. 17th Edition. New York: Allyn & Bacon. Hockenbury, DH, Hockenbury, S.E. (2007). Discovering Psychology. New York: Worth.

LeVay, S. (1994). The Sexual Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Macionis, J.J. (2003). Sociology. Princeton, NJ: Pearson.

Zuk, M. (2002). Sexual Selection. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California Press.

Sacramento Zoo Observations Chimpanzee Pan Troglodystes and

Sacramento Zoo Observations Chimpanzee (Pan troglodystes) and Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus abelli) When I was at the Sacramento Zoo, I observed many animals, including primates. At this time, I chose to further expand on my observations of the Chimpanzee (Pan troglodystes) and Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus abelli). At this time of observation; I can only see four of the five chimpanzees, two females and two males. Of the five chimpanzees, it seems that the extra female chimpanzee is missing from my observations. According to the Sacramento Zoo, there are a total of five chimpanzees- with three females and two males. Although it is difficult to tell from the distance that we were at, the females are slightly smaller than the males. I would assume that the males would also be heavier since they are larger. Unfortunately, there are no blatantly obvious characteristics that distinguished the males from the females and…

Education -- Teaching Observations and

The teacher explained that the use of a commercial science-teaching program that emphasized hands-on participation and active inquiry in its design had helped her achieve high levels of genuine interest among her students. The materials for this module consisted of individual sets for each group that were easily assembled into experimental designs utilizing different types of soil, inclined planes, and water dispensed through variable means to closely simulate natural erosion processes (Huber & Moore, 2001). According to the teacher, the use of the materials dramatically increased student interest and also subject matter retention of the same Earth Science concepts that are typically the subject of passive learning via textbook reading assignments and lectures by teachers (Huber & Moore, 2001). The teacher credited the hands-on involvement as well as the design of the lessons to emphasize critical thinking and inquiry-based analyses with the ability to sustain the high level of student…

Gardner H. (1999). Intelligence Reframed Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century.

New York: Basic Books.

Huber RA and Moore CJ. "A model for extending hands-on science to be inquiry based" School Science and Mathematics, Vol. 101, No. 1, (2001): 32.

Naturalistic Observations the Advantages of

This chapter points out how early environmental influences, however, are also part of the nurture equation, something that is often forgotten. A baby who is picked up when he or she cries, is given stimulation in the nursery, and is given good nutrition will have a better start in life than a baby who is given none of these advantages, even if the deprived and enriched infants in this hypothetical scenario may have relatively the same genetic material. Nurture, in other words, begins very early on, and nurture can affect the later biology of the brain just as much as genetics. Chapter 6 From birth, it seems as though humans are predisposed to communicate, and to make meaning out of sounds and gestures. Yet despite this apparent hard-wiring to create language, culture also has a profound influence on individual's communication styles, from the words that are used to nonverbal cues.…

Berger, Kathleen Stassen. The Developing Person through Childhood and Adolescence. 6th Ed.

Worth Publishers, 2004.

Positive and Negative Observations Five

In many instances, there are also cultural components in the way that different groups relate to others and in the values held by those groups. I recognize that as an educator, it can be difficult, or at least a potentially sensitive matter, to make judgment and offer advice based on apparent external behaviour. Since, in many cases, the types of themes that are important to me are aspects of culturally-learned behaviors, criticizing others for aspects of those behaviors that violate objective principles could suggest to others that my judgments reflect a cultural or racial or ethnic bias. Therefore, as an educator, I realize that even purely objective criticisms must be carefully expressed so as not to communicate prejudices or ethnic perspective on my part instead of genuinely well-intentioned advice based on principles. I hope that as an educator, I will be able to communicate my philosophical views about what types…

1st and 2nd Grade Observations

Elementary School ESL Teacher Befitting the United States of America's unique status as a cultural melting pot, the nation's educational system has learned to adapt its traditional method of English language instruction to suit students who primarily speak another language at home. The concept of English as Second Language (ESL) learners has emerged during the last few decades to recognize the need for teachers to customize their lesson plans, becoming more inclusive in terms of accessibility to ESL students. In light of the fact that ESL students are far more likely to absorb English during their earliest years, many school districts have elected to integrate ESL instruction within the 1st and 2nd grade levels, in the hope that this proverbial head start will enable the majority of ESL students to effectively utilize English in the educational setting. Recently, I was fortunate enough to have an opportunity to observe a 1st…

Interview Sessions and Formal Observation

Interview Sessions What types of behavior did you notice? In hindsight -- by focusing on what you did -- what types of behaviors might you have failed to notice? The noticeable trait observed during the course of a formal interaction was that all students and teachers are engaged in teaching and learning. The young ELLs were both attentive as well as inquisitive in the classroom setting where the assistant teacher had the role of providing each student with a personal attention. Simultaneously, the head instructor worked hand-in-hand with others who experienced different challenges with understanding some concepts. Why do you think certain aspects of the setting stood out for you? All through my observation, several aspects stood out impressively. Some of the aspects that got me enthralled; understood how young leaders could be able to work in harmony with one another and by so doing become responsible for their learning…

Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson Educational.

Montoya, D. (2016, January 24). How to Avoid Researcher Bias While Doing a Research Paper. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how_7776012_avoid-bias-doing-research-paper.html

Technological Observations of Henry Adams

His neck, a mechanical part of him, has become so overwrought by the pressures and complexity of technology that it has stopped working. Whole segments of the American nation have become powerless by the overwhelming pomposity of the new inventions that, unable to keep up with the new dialect, they have surrendered to the more youthful marchers and have become trodden underfoot. The old American not only becomes defunct; worse still, he becomes extinct. The pre-electric era was relatively benign to the present and future potential terrors. Those "earlier stages of progress" were "simple and easy [for humans] to absorb" 7 and beneficial in that they helped him do his work without overwhelming him and attaching his esteem. However then: as the mind of man enlarged its range, it enlarged the field of complexity, and must continue to do so, even into chaos, until the reservoirs of sensuous or supersensuous…

Gender & Communication an Observation

At the end of the party he took a card out of his wallet and gave it to me. He said, "Here, I'll give you my phone number. If you'd like to call me up, I'd love to hear from you." called him two days later and we made a date. Turned out he didn't drive so I had to pick him up. Since I had called him and I was going to be the driver, I bought a small bouquet of flowers and brought them to him. It was fun to reverse roles. Philip was the only man I ever met who didn't have a driver's license. He said he didn't want or need to drive. He liked taking buses and having his friends drive him places. Dinner was a success. He paid for everything in the traditional manner. Philip told me he was a feminist. He had never…

Furman, Frida K. Facing the Mirror: Older Women and Beauty Shop Culture. New York:

Routledge, 1997.

Tannen, Deborah. You Just Don't Understand. New York: Ballantine Books, 1990.

Wood, Julia T. Gendered Lives.

Personal Social Media Audit Reflective Observation Abstract

Personal Social Media Audit Reflective observation Abstract conceptualization Most used websites Device used Time of the day using a specific website Active experimentation The usage of social media depends on the personal interests and priorities. There are various websites, blogs, content communities, and gaming zones categorized as internet-based social media. The users of social media often do not realize their patterns and number of hours spent in using social media. In order to understand the usage information a seven days diary was maintained. The analysis of diary entries provided an in-depth understanding of the situation. The reflection of observations, assessment of the findings and active experimentation is presented below. Reflective observation: Social media comprises of electronic tools, applications, websites, and various community-based blogs that attract the users. The users also utilize their email and contact numbers to share their profile information with contacts. It is also a medium that has…

Kaplan, AM&Haenlein, M2010, Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media, Business horizons, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 59-68.

Community Observation This Is a

It also made me realize how relatively easy I have it in this world when there are so many hungry people and children. I saw mothers with babies coming in by the dozens to shop at the food bank store, and owners of small food pantries picking up their daily and weekly supplies, and massive trailer trucks bringing dozens of pallets of donated food from grocery warehouses and distribution centers. It all impacted my feeling about volunteering and helping others in need. It is hard to realize how many need such assistance until you see the huge amounts of people, and enormous amount of food necessary to feel those who can't afford to feed themselves. What I Learned One person really can make a difference. A small group of dedicated, generous, hard-working people can change a community. And all of us working together could change the world. I helped one…

Race the Student's Observations About Race in

Race The student's observations about race in discussion 1 prompted me to think about the way our society uses affirmative action to deal with racial inequalities in the workplace. The student states early in the discussion that he had never been personally affected by race or racism -- and yet, after some reflection, he realizes that he had been. He tells the story of going for an interview at Target and being asked if he was Mexican because his name was Hernandez. He informed the interviewer that he was not Mexican and the interviewer immediately lost interest in him as a person. It seems the interviewer was only interested in hiring a particular race -- a Latino -- most likely to fill some sort of affirmative action quota. This recollection by the student made me irritated because I began to consider how hypocritical our own society is about race. On…

Formed on Properly Executed Observations Does Make

formed on properly executed observations does make out efficient teachers as well as practices itself. Teachers' accomplishes on the classroom surveillance mechanism of appraisal system dependably envisage the attainment increases undertaken by their students. The outcome upholds the notion that teacher assessment systems require not be founded on test scores only for the purpose of providing constructive in sequence as per which teachers are for the most part effectual in elevating student success. Teachers Evaluation System (TES) has been seen as an exceptional instance of sky-scraping quality assessment program founded on classroom observations. At a bare minimum, it is a structure to which the quarter has dedicated substantial resources and this prove that teaching excellence is valued and recognized by the university. Focusing on the TES it is without doubt that the presence of appropriate resource as well as technical support is felt this is because the TES which is…

Counting or Documenting Observations According to Authors

counting or documenting observations," according to authors Maxfield and Babbie. The descriptive study in this paper relates to a controversy in a small town near my home, in which a barbed wire fence has been erected to keep people out of a forest of pine trees. The problem emerged when The Nature Conservancy purchased an 800-acre easement on 1,400 acres of woodlands. People in the community had used trails in the property (it has always been private property) to get downtown, or to the high school. Suddenly a 6-strand barbed wire fence blocked the trails citizens had used for 80 years or more. hat is the purpose of this research? The research is to document and explain how neighbors and other people in the community responded to the erection of a 6-strand barbed wire fence (with barbed wire wrapped around the top of the gates that were installed). The descriptive…

Maxfield, Michael G., and Babbie, Earl R. (2011). Basics of Research Methods for Criminal

Justice and Criminology. Independence, KY: Cengage Learning.

Outreach Observations Tutoring First-Grade Children

This possibility has had a profound impact on the needs that I think the community -- especially these school children -- possesses. Being a tutor implies a certain type of behavior and activity; tutors instruct their students in academic areas and help them solve specific issues and/or problems one at a time. I think that what this particular segment of the community needs is more accurately described as a mentor. In addition to extra assistance with academic instruction and learning, the children I observed during my time as their tutor really need a regular influence in their life to help them build confidence and self-esteem along with helping them improve their skills. Becoming dejected about their perceived shortcomings will only make their problems worse, and the more discouraged they become about their reading the less likely they will be to progress even with the help of a tutor. Someone who…

Smoking After Many Studies Observations

Furthermore, smokers are also in greater danger than non-smokers of premature death as a result of their habit. Indeed, the Action on Smoking and Health Web site states that worldwide, a staggering 5 million smokers per year die prematurely, and that half of all smokers are at risk of premature death. The prospects for non-smokers exposed to secondary smoke are also gloomy. According to Science News Online. http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc98/1_17_98/fob1.htm (accessed 07March07), a study has shown that secondary smoke causes at least 40% of the damage to a non-smoker as smoking does. Surely, for the protection not only of non-smokers, but also of smokers themselves and of our children, the law should discourage this habit. eferences Action on Smoking and Health. "Factsheet No:2." http://www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact02.html (accessed 07March07). Seppa N. " Science News Online: Secondary Smoke Carries High Price." http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc98/1_17_98/fob1.htm (accessed 07March07).

Action on Smoking and Health. "Factsheet No:2."   http://www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact02.html   (accessed 07March07).

Seppa N. " Science News Online: Secondary Smoke Carries High Price."   http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc98/1_17_98/fob1.htm   (accessed 07March07).

Self Observations Throughout the Week I Was

Self Observations Throughout the week I was forced to face a number of moral decisions in my daily life, from not telling the truth to obeying traffic laws. Until this assignment, I never really observed my own moral decision making process, and doing so enabled me to discover many personal traits. While this examination has given me plenty to think about, this essay will examine in detail three particular moral decisions I was forced to make, the thought processes behind them, and how they impacted my view of myself. One of the moral decisions I am forced to make on a daily basis is whether or not to tell the truth. I lied to my boss and called in sick to work on a day when I just wanted to stay home. Another is whether to help those in need. I saw a homeless person on the street and when…

Personal Observations Class Size vs Quality Instruction

Personal Observations: Class Size vs. Quality Instruction I am not able to neatly separate my preparation and reading in the area of educational quality from my personal experience. The two sources of knowledge dovetail and flow back and forth in a highly influential manner. I certainly agree that class size is a factor in student success, and a variable that can enable or hinder the ease with which a teacher provides quality educational opportunities for her students. My teacher preparation coursework and my reading on education policy lead me to believe that them most important variables -- next to the influences of home and community -- are those under the aegis of teachers. Teacher qualifications are a critical variable for student success. Naturally, the amount of resources available to a school, district, region, or state impact the level of quality that is provided to students through educational systems. One has…

The Description of an Observation Experiment

stood still by a large fountain in a public square and did nothing for ten minutes. I used as many senses as possible to intake information from the world around me as objectively as possible, letting go the temptation to judge or analyze what was going on. The sounds were the first thing I noticed: the occasional cry of a baby or high-pitched voice of a child; the subtle murmurs of intimate conversations; the constant hum of city noise from traffic; and natural sounds like the wind as it hit objects, blew leaves on the trees, and set aloft pieces of trash. Turning my attention toward the sights around me, the whole square seemed alive and pulsing. There were pigeons and crows going about their daily business, the pigeons seemingly doing nothing but waddling around and flying away when a person would get too close, and the crows pecking at…

McGrane, B.(1994).Un-occupied, Un-employed:Don't Just Do Something, Stand There!In The Un-TV and the 10 MPH Car (pp.20-57). Fort Bragg, CA:The Small Press

Analyzing Self Help Group Observation

Self-Help Group Observation The purpose of the group (diabetic group) is basically to educate patients on how to sustain a healthy lifestyle in case they are diabetic. The main aim for patient education is for individuals suffering from diabetes to enhance their knowledge, confidence and skills, allowing them to have increased control of their condition and incorporate effectual self-management into their day-to-day lives. High quality structured education could have an intense impact on health outcomes and considerably enhance the quality of life (Tidy, 2014). Some of the potential benefits that patient education could have on individuals suffering from diabetes are: Enhancing health, knowledge, beliefs, and lifestyle changes Enhancing patient outcomes, for instance, smoking, weight, and psychosocial changes like depression levels and quality of life Enhancing physical activity levels Minimizing the need for, and potentially better targeting of drugs together with other items like blood testing strips. Educational events, like community…

Mensing, C. R., & Norris, S. L. (2003). Group education in diabetes: effectiveness and implementation. Diabetes Spectrum, 16(2), 96-103.

Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M. M., Fischl, A. H., ... & Vivian, E. (2015). Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support in Type 2 Diabetes A Joint Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The Diabetes Educator, 41(4), 417-430.

Tang, T. S., Funnell, M. M., & Anderson, R. M. (2006). Group education strategies for diabetes self-management. Diabetes Spectrum, 19(2), 99-105.

Team Care Approach for Diabetes Management (n.d.). Retrieved 25 February 2016 from   http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/ndep/pdfs/ppod-guide-team-care-approach.pdf

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What Is an Observational Study? | Guide & Examples

Published on March 31, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on December 2, 2022.

An observational study is used to answer a research question based purely on what the researcher observes. There is no interference or manipulation of the research subjects, and no control and treatment groups .

These studies are often qualitative in nature and can be used for both exploratory and explanatory research purposes. While quantitative observational studies exist, they are less common.

Observational studies are generally used in hard science, medical, and social science fields. This is often due to ethical or practical concerns that prevent the researcher from conducting a traditional experiment . However, the lack of control and treatment groups means that forming inferences is difficult, and there is a risk of confounding variables and observer bias impacting your analysis.

Table of contents

Types of observation, types of observational studies, observational study example, advantages and disadvantages of observational studies, observational study vs. experiment, frequently asked questions.

There are many types of observation, and it can be challenging to tell the difference between them. Here are some of the most common types to help you choose the best one for your observational study.

There are three main types of observational studies: cohort studies, case–control studies, and cross-sectional studies .

Cohort studies

Cohort studies are more longitudinal in nature, as they follow a group of participants over a period of time. Members of the cohort are selected because of a shared characteristic, such as smoking, and they are often observed over a period of years.

Case–control studies

Case–control studies bring together two groups, a case study group and a control group . The case study group has a particular attribute while the control group does not. The two groups are then compared, to see if the case group exhibits a particular characteristic more than the control group.

For example, if you compared smokers (the case study group) with non-smokers (the control group), you could observe whether the smokers had more instances of lung disease than the non-smokers.

Cross-sectional studies

Cross-sectional studies analyze a population of study at a specific point in time.

This often involves narrowing previously collected data to one point in time to test the prevalence of a theory—for example, analyzing how many people were diagnosed with lung disease in March of a given year. It can also be a one-time observation, such as spending one day in the lung disease wing of a hospital.

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Observational studies are usually quite straightforward to design and conduct. Sometimes all you need is a notebook and pen! As you design your study, you can follow these steps.

Step 1: Identify your research topic and objectives

The first step is to determine what you’re interested in observing and why. Observational studies are a great fit if you are unable to do an experiment for practical or ethical reasons , or if your research topic hinges on natural behaviors.

Step 2: Choose your observation type and technique

In terms of technique, there are a few things to consider:

Overall, it is crucial to stay organized. Devise a shorthand for your notes, or perhaps design templates that you can fill in. Since these observations occur in real time, you won’t get a second chance with the same data.

Step 3: Set up your observational study

Before conducting your observations, there are a few things to attend to:

Step 4: Conduct your observation

After you’ve chosen a type of observation, decided on your technique, and chosen a time and place, it’s time to conduct your observation.

Here, you can split them into case and control groups. The children with siblings have a characteristic you are interested in (siblings), while the children in the control group do not.

When conducting observational studies, be very careful of confounding or “lurking” variables. In the example above, you observed children as they were dropped off, gauging whether or not they were upset. However, there are a variety of other factors that could be at play here (e.g., illness).

Step 5: Analyze your data

After you finish your observation, immediately record your initial thoughts and impressions, as well as follow-up questions or any issues you perceived during the observation. If you audio- or video-recorded your observations, you can transcribe them.

Your analysis can take an inductive  or deductive approach :

Next, you can conduct your thematic or content analysis . Due to the open-ended nature of observational studies, the best fit is likely thematic analysis .

Step 6: Discuss avenues for future research

Observational studies are generally exploratory in nature, and they often aren’t strong enough to yield standalone conclusions due to their very high susceptibility to observer bias and confounding variables. For this reason, observational studies can only show association, not causation .

If you are excited about the preliminary conclusions you’ve drawn and wish to proceed with your topic, you may need to change to a different research method , such as an experiment.

Disadvantages

The key difference between observational studies and experiments is that a properly conducted observational study will never attempt to influence responses, while experimental designs by definition have some sort of treatment condition applied to a portion of participants.

However, there may be times when it’s impossible, dangerous, or impractical to influence the behavior of your participants. This can be the case in medical studies, where it is unethical or cruel to withhold potentially life-saving intervention, or in longitudinal analyses where you don’t have the ability to follow your group over the course of their lifetime.

An observational study may be the right fit for your research if random assignment of participants to control and treatment groups is impossible or highly difficult. However, the issues observational studies raise in terms of validity , confounding variables, and conclusiveness can mean that an experiment is more reliable.

If you’re able to randomize your participants safely and your research question is definitely causal in nature, consider using an experiment.

An observational study is a great choice for you if your research question is based purely on observations. If there are ethical, logistical, or practical concerns that prevent you from conducting a traditional experiment , an observational study may be a good choice. In an observational study, there is no interference or manipulation of the research subjects, as well as no control or treatment groups .

The key difference between observational studies and experimental designs is that a well-done observational study does not influence the responses of participants, while experiments do have some sort of treatment condition applied to at least some participants by random assignment .

A quasi-experiment is a type of research design that attempts to establish a cause-and-effect relationship. The main difference with a true experiment is that the groups are not randomly assigned.

Exploratory research aims to explore the main aspects of an under-researched problem, while explanatory research aims to explain the causes and consequences of a well-defined problem.

Experimental design means planning a set of procedures to investigate a relationship between variables . To design a controlled experiment, you need:

When designing the experiment, you decide:

Experimental design is essential to the internal and external validity of your experiment.

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observational study paper topics

Best Observation Essay Topics for Students

Typically, you can use these observation essay topics when your professor decides to put your empirical skills to the test. Choosing a problem you understand is crucial in such a situation, as it should project your point of view connected to sufficient facts intelligible to the reader. It may be quite a challenge for students because it's tricky to write an astounding essay with those goals in mind. That's why choosing a topic subject requires careful evaluation, sound judgment, and a lot of effort above all. You should keep it front and center when it comes to this assignment.

A better example will serve you right. Imagine that you are in charge of a warehouse, in a company where they store goods like apples, and you are responsible for all activities that happen in the warehouse daily. At the end of your shift, you have to report every little thing you observed or saw happening around you in the warehouse during the day.

Furthermore, it is essential to learn how to write or jot down the ideas because some people have trouble meeting the requirements and deadlines or just recording a sighting. Say, a group of students observed a series of events during their practice session. Afterward, they must write a report or an observation essay about what they saw step by step.

The majority of students would falter at this task, unsure how to proceed. First, there is nothing wrong with planning, but be careful and don't overdo it. Sure, you have to plot your assignment, its structure at the least, to make it work. But, is reproducing every single detail in your essay really needed? Writing an observation essay ought to be more or less like composing a short story: spontaneous, self-generated, and growing with ease. So, don't overthink it. Come up with a simple outline and then allow your thoughts to take their course.

Let us give you some more structure tips!

List of Topic Examples for an Observation Essay

To show the ability to be observant, the student needs to pick a good topic. You are supposed to have a point of view relevant to the subject you have selected, be it scenarios, pets, places, or trips. However, below are some examples of observation topics you may find helpful:

These are a few observation paper ideas among many others you can use to master your writing skills. Sometimes, students still find it hard to write an essay and prefer our professional writers to do it for them. Feel free to contact us at any time!

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observational study paper topics

Free Observational Study Essays and Papers

observational study paper topics

Interpreting Observational Study

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Observational Studies

An observational study was conducted with five subjects including myself, in order to understand the relation between the usage of old media and new media simultaneously. Old media is known as any source that entails the usage of television, books, newspaper, and radio among several other examples. New media on the other hand, is related to the use of cellphones, computers with access to social networks, and it is an evolving word along with the technology involved with it. This observational study

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Analysis Of Outliers By George Gladwell

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Secondhand Smoke and Cancer

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Observational Study

First, Frances( 1979) did this study in order to make links between the different body languages of men and women to more general differences in social interactions between men and women. Second, she wanted to figure out the social meanings of specific nonverbal behaviors. Third, it was designed in order to see how the non-verbal behavior varied with the sex of the subject and the sex of the partner. The author thought it was an important area to study, because non-verbal behaviors are more important

Examples Of Observational Studies

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Smokeless Tobacco

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Oral Mouth Cancer Research Paper

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Observational Field Study

Abstract This observational field study, conducted with ten participants, tested for the frequency with which a smile was answered with a reciprocal smile. The researcher smiled at an individual and noted the response of the subject. Since a smile is usually interpreted as a display of friendliness and trustworthiness, the majority of subjects smiled back. The results of this study show that when a person smiles at someone, the recipient will smile back 70% of the time. Introduction Smiles offer

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Does Clothing Have an Impact on Social Interactions: An Observational Study in the Classroom There are many reasons why we choose to wear a particular article or style of clothing. Many of us consider our choice in clothing as an extension of our identity. While many others pick items from their wardrobe that reflect their current mood. There are also many times when we choose to dress a certain way in anticipation of being in a particular social setting. Even people who don’t seem to bother with

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results, we see that people who are sitting by themselves are less likely to tuck in their chairs before leaving. Alternatively, those who were sharing the table with others were more likely to tuck in their chairs. Thus, from the findings of the study, people who tucks in their chair before leaving is likely to influence those around them to follow to suit and also tuck in the chairs.

Data Observational Study

Experimental Forest in Idaho. Sample plot locations were specifically chosen to compare different areas. At each site, each group used a GPS to navigate to a specific destination for further observational studies. The elevation in meters was then recorded from the GPS. The range of the observational study was made within a circular plot with a radius of 18 meters and approximately 0.1 hectares. Two meter tapes were set perpendicular to one another so that the diameter of the circular plot extended

Seven Rules For Observational Research

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A Civil Rebuttal Philosophy -- a:pursuit of wisdom. b:a search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than observational means. Through this most specific definition given to us respectively by Sir Webster's dictionary, I choose in my best interest to refrain to you just what the meaning of philosophy is. I implore you to try and comprehend this matter in what exactly this word brought abrupt to us is about. The word philosophy has two definitive definitions

Seinfeld's Impact on American Culture

1999, is still one of the most culturally pertinent shows today. The show dealt with little nuances of American society. A puffy shirt, for example, could be the main subject for an entire show. This show, which was derived from Jerry Seinfeld's observational humor, was voted as the "Greatest Show of All Time" by TV Guide in 2002. According to the show's official website, the ratings for the syndicated version of Seinfeld are ahead of many of the current primetime comedies ("Seinfeld" 2/5). "Seinfeld"

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How To Write An Observation Essay: Topics and Tips

observation essay

An essay is a vital part of the English language. There are many types of essay and one of them is observation essay. An observation essay is a type of essay in which the writer incorporates the readers through the whole process of any specific event. In other words, the author observes the subject carefully and writes down an essay telling about what he observed.

Let’s create a small observation essay example, imagine that you went to a farewell party.

If you want to write an observation essay then you need to observe everything carefully. After observing and noting down all the details, you will be able to write an observation essay.

Observation essay writing has its own unique format which makes it interesting. Below are the writing tips on how to write an observation essay.

Writing An Observation Essay

Before you can start writing your observation essay and pick good observation topics, make sure you can follow this process. Below is an outline of a basic observation essay, with details on each part.

In the introduction, you will introduce your readers with what you saw, the place where you were observing, time of observation, why you choose that specific subject and any other piece of information that might help the reader to understand. The introduction of your observation essay should give an overview of the scenario of what you observed and its context.

Take a look at some observation essay examples, the author describes the background in the first paragraph. The paragraph should be concise because you don’t want to make your readers bored. The introduction is just a little background information or you can say an appetizer for the reader.

Do remember the most important point and that is don’t tell them, show them. Most writers make this mistake. This point is very important as well as the hardest point. You need to write in such a way that you are showing your readers what you saw. In other words, make the reader feel as if he/she was present in those moments that you experienced.

For example, let’s say that you went to the Amazon jungle and you want to describe others what you saw. You will write a naturalistic observation essay. You will describe what you saw such as exotic animals, trees, mud, insects such as spiders, hornet, etc. Make sure you write in an interesting way otherwise you will lose your reader’s attention.

How to Start an Observation Essay

It is essential that you need to observe in order to write an observation essay. Most people think that observation means what the author sees and that is wrong. Observation includes a series of tasks such as observing sensations, sounds and smells that are happening around the author.

Moreover, you need to observe even the smallest detail that works together with other things. Let’s create an example that you want to write a physical therapy observation essay. When you enter the physical therapy room, you start observing everything such as the chairs, windows, pictures hanging on wall, table and other things. Make sure that you note everything because you will be recreating that vision. In case if you didn’t observe properly then you will be having an imagination break down while writing an observation essay. In other words, you will get confused while writing.

Observation Essay Basics

Your teacher asked you to write a classroom observation essay. You started observing the whole classroom and even observe the smallest detail. On your way back home you though you will ace it because you observed everything and didn’t miss even the smallest detail. But when you start writing, you got tangled in many problems, but why? Because you started to forget those details. That is why you should create notes and note down everything.

There is a high chance that you can forget but if you have written it down, that means you just saved a back up for yourself in case you forgot something. The best way to write down notes for an observation essay is to note them without looking at the notebook.

Some people even try to write an observation without making an observation which is wrong. For your process to be like easy essay writing , it is a must that you should experience the thing you want to observe at least once in your life. In order to create a wonderful observation essay, you have to be a topic guru. In other words, you have to explain to your reader what inspires you or what you survived.

Observation Writing Tips and Tricks

Below are some tips and tricks for writing an observation essay.

Make sure that your topic is wonderful as well as attractive. Write observation essay in the present tense. Brainstorm all the ideas. Make an outline before writing. Try to use metaphors as well as precise language. Make your introduction and conclusion short and simple.

Can You Tell Me Some Good Observation Essay Topics?

There are many hot observation topics but you need to pick carefully based on current events in the literature, music, or cinematography. Below is the list of some good observation essay topics.

Observation Essay Topics for College

As topics that require your profound reflection into real-life issues, you can create an in depth observation paper on different social constructs or stories. You can start your essay with these observation essay ideas:

Interesting Observation Topics

As a student, knowing that humans are sensitive to the environment has made you more reflective. You may then decide to write some of the best essay submissions with these observational essay topics:

Observation Paper Ideas

As a college or university student, you may need to write a scholarly paper based on what you see in your environment. There are hundreds of ideas, but these observation paper topics may be your shot at the best grade:

Observation Essay Topic Ideas

If you’d like to write an observation essay based on social or personal issues, there are many challenges in society requiring discussion. You can consider these observation topics:

Observation Research Topics

As a student in science, observing real objects or reality is one of the essential things you do. You can choose to focus on a specific field, and you may choose to diversify the choices of your observation paper topics or ideas. Consider any of these unique observation essay topics.

Observation is the key to success in observation writing. If you observed everything, which includes even the smallest detail, then it is a guarantee that you will ace it. Observation essay can be very interesting and at the same till very dull.

Get Observation Essay Writing Help

To make it interesting, you need to follow above all points. It doesn’t matter either you are a rookie or a professional, all you need to do is let your eyes and hands do the work and as Simone Bingemer said, “Often it is tiny fragments which either make a picture convincing or totally incidental”. Getting professional writing help is also a good solution. If you’re wondering “ Can I pay someone to do my essay ?” Yes you can! All you need is to contact our customer support and our expert writers will be on it right away!

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