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Essay on Farm Bill 2020 | Farmer Bill 2020 Essay and Highlights of Agriculture Bill 2020

Essay on farm bill 2020.

India is an agriculture dominated country. More than 70% of India's population is either directly or indirectly involved in agricultural activities. Due to the hard work of these farmers we are eating peacefully. These farmers feed entire nation but it is a saddening fact that they are entangled in the fetters of starvation and poverty. Recently Central Government has passed new bills for well being of farmers and agriculture sector . But farmers and State Governments are opposing these bills. Farmers across the country have protested against these bills in streets and on roads. Punjab and Haryana farmer's tractor protests in July and on 26th January in Delhi were opposition of these agriculture bills 2020. On 28th August 2020 Punjab Assembly has also passed a resolution rejecting the Central Government's ordinances.

What is the Farm bill 2020 ?, What benefits will get farmer from New Agriculture Bills 2020?, How Agriculture Sector will be benefited from Farmers Bills 2020? Why Farmers are protesting against Agriculture bill 2020 ?

What is Farm Bill 2020?

Benefits to farmers from farm bill 2020.

The Farm Bill 2020 envisages a path for farmers as an alternative platform to sell their produce in open market. Now farmers can sell their products openly to anyone and anywhere and they can get higher price. There will be no APMC market fee or cess on transactions in such trade areas. APMCs will also continue its functioning. Now APMCs have to compete with these alternate platforms and now farmers have a choice for selling their farm produces. These bills give powers to farmers to sell their produces directly to the corporate or exporter buying in bulk from the farm.

The Farm Bill 2020 does not annihilate current MSP based procurement of food grains. The MSP based procurement system will be continue and farmers can also sell their crop products in Mandi on existing MSP.

Government's motive towards Farm Bill 2020

From time to time Government has launched numerous schemes for welfare of farmers and agriculture sector . Government has introduced these Farm Bills to transform agriculture sector and well being of farmers. This step has been taken by the Government to boost agriculture sector and double the farmers income by 2022. It is thought that freeing of agriculture sector will eventually help in better pricing due to competitiveness in the market. When farmers will sell their products to corporates and exporters directly, it will induce corporate sector to invest in the agri-ecosystem. This will also give farmers better access to modern technology and farmers will be benefited by it.

Why Farmers are protesting against Agriculture bill 2020 ?

The Price Assurance Bill doesn't prescribe any mechanism for price fixation. Thus there is a apprehension in farmers that free hand given to private corporate houses could lead to farmer's exploitation. The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Ordinance removes, pulses, oil seeds, edible oils, onion and potatoes from the essential commodities list. Thus the amendment deregulates the production, movement, storage and distribution of these food commodities.

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Agriculture Bill 2020 Essay

Repeal of Farm Bill: Farm bills 2020 were passed in the year 2020 and now the same has been repealed by the Government. The Farm Laws Repeal Bill 2021 which aimed to repealing the three farm laws passed on December 1, 2021. These farm bills repealed by the Government in view of the onging farmers' protests against these laws.

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Essay on Farm Bill 2020 or Farmer Bill 2020 Essay 1000 Words

This long essay on Farm Bill 2020 in English is suitable for students of classes 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, 11, 12, and also for competitive exam aspirants. Read and enjoy the complete essay about farmer bill 2020.

Farmer bill 2020 essay in English 1000 words for Students and Children

Essay on Farm Bill 2020 – The Essential Commodities Act (ECA) has been used by the government to regulate the production, supply, and distribution of a whole host of commodities it declares ‘essential’ in order to make them available to consumers at reasonable prices.

In the majority of the state, under the APMC acts, farmers are required to sell a number of commodities in a local mandi where intermediaries often manipulate the price. Thus APMC markets have become monopolistic with high intermediation costs. Due to these factors, the Economic Survey 2020has recommends repealing this “anachronistic” Act.

Introduction

India is a country where more than 70% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities but it is also a saddening fact that a hand that feeds the nation is entangled in the fetters of starvation.

The Government with aim of transforming agriculture in the country and raising farmers’ income has passed 3 important bills from Parliament. These legislations sought to bring much-needed reforms in the agricultural marketing system such as removing restrictions on private stockholding of agricultural produce or creating trading areas free of middlemen and taking the marketplace to the farmer.

The farm bill 2020 is a combination of three agricultural bills passed by parliament in September 2020. These three farmer bills are

Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Mr. Narendra Singh Tomar introduced the first two bills – The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill 2020 and The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement of Price Assurance and Farm Service Bill 2020.

Ministry of State for Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution Mr. Raosaheb Patil Danve introduced a third bill – The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill, 2020 in the Lok Sabha.

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SSC CHSL Tier-2 Exam Descriptive Essay Writing : Agriculture Bill 2020

Table of Contents

The Staff Selection Commission or SSC is one of the leading Govt. Organizations that are responsible for employing the candidates for the service of the nation. Each year over lakhs and lakhs of applications are filed online for the exams conducted by it. SSC CHSL Tier-II is an offline Pen Paper-based exam carrying a weightage of 100 marks with a 1-hour duration. The choice will be there between English Language and Hindi Language. Candidates can write the paper in either English or Hindi language as per their convenience.

The TIER II of the SSC CHSL has been scheduled for 14th February 2021. TIER II is a descriptive type of examination. The candidates qualifying for the TIER I of the examination will be able to appear for the TIER II. We are going to start a series where we are going share some essays and letters related to the recent topics that can be asked in the examination. In this article, today we are going to write an essay on “ Agriculture Bill 2020″.

Most Expected Essay & Letter Topics for SSC CHSL Tier-2 Exam

The key points regarding essay writing:.

Let’s start with the essay.

“Agriculture Bill 2020”

India is an agricultural country more than 70% of India’s population is directly or indirectly involved in agriculture-related work. Due to the diligence of those farmers, we are ready to sit and dine in peace. These farmers sustain the entire country but it is a sad truth that they are struggling with starvation. Recently, the central government has passed new agricultural bills for the benefit of the farmers and the agricultural sector. Farmers and some state governments are opposing these agricultural bills. farmers across the country have protested against these bills by taking to the streets. Indian Government has introduced the Agriculture Bill in September 2020 by our President Ram Nath Kovind approved the three agriculture bills that were passed by the Indian Parliament.

What is Agriculture Bill 2020?

Agriculture Bill or Farmers Bill is a combination of three bills that have become law now. These bills are; Farmers Produce and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill 2020, Farmers Agreement (Empowerment and Protection) on Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill 2020, and Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill 2020. These bills make big structural changes in the agriculture sector. These bills also encourage corporate investments in the agriculture ecosystem to make agriculture more profitable for farmers.

Benefits of Agriculture Bill:

The Farm Bill 2020 predicts a path for farmers as an alternative platform to sell their products in the open market. Now farmers can sell their products openly to anyone and anywhere and they can get a higher price. There will be no Agricultural Produce Market Committee ( APMC) market fee or cess on transactions in such trade areas. APMCs will continue their functioning. Now APMCs have to compete with these alternate platforms and now farmers have a choice for selling their products. This bill gives powers to farmers to sell their goods to the company or exporter buying in bulk from the farm.

Government’s aim towards Agriculture Bill:

The government has introduced these Farm Bills to transform the agriculture sector. This step has been taken by the govt to spice up the agriculture sector and double the farmer’s income by 2022. It is thought that freeing of agriculture sector will eventually help in better pricing. When farmers will sell their products to corporates and exporters directly it will induce the corporate sector to invest in the agri-ecosystem. This will also give farmers better access to modern technology and farmers will be benefited from it.

Impact of the Bills:

The farmer is now the producer and the seller of his own produce and will be free to enter into an agreement with private trade directly. Consumers would now get the products at much lower costs. The Arthias will lose the economic stranglehold they have on the mandis. Different State Governments’ revenues will be adversely affected.

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Conclusion:

The farmers will earn better income as they get to dictate their own price and do not have to pay transportation charges anymore. Competition is the best protector of stakeholders whether it is a consumer or farmers. Although the role of middlemen is not going to end completely, their hold on the trade will not be as strong.

Note: The candidates who are appearing for the TIER II descriptive can write us. Letter Writing ” Irregular and inadequate electricity supply in an area” is going to publish on 27th January, Wednesday. Interested candidates can mail us about the topic before 27th January at [email protected]

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More about Farm Bill Thesis

Agriculture Improvement: The US Farm Bill Essay

The US Farm Bill is a collection of laws that addresses a number of agricultural issues (Smith 67). The Congress debates the bill every five to seven years. Once approved, the bill is forwarded for appropriations. During the appropriation stage, the amount of funds that should be allocated to every law is established. The US Farm Bill has been in existence for over 80 years. As such, the first bill was enacted in the year 1933. Nadine Lehrer, who has been studying the bill, asserts, “The bill was developed in the wake of 1930’s farm crisis to bring farm incomes up to the par with the required minimum incomes” (Lehrer 5).

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Currently, over 15 related bills have been enacted. Every time the bill is passed, the US Congress makes alterations or deferrals to the requirements of permanent law. Mary Conner maintains, “The Congress can approve, alter, or abolish the provisions of previous provisional agricultural acts” (Conner 87). Through this, new policies with respect to agricultural acts can be set forth. Despite its alleged advantages, the 2014 Farm Bill will affect a number of small-scale farmers and some food industries.

From the year 1973, Farm Bills have compromised of names of agricultural programs, trade, rural improvement, and farm management measures (Conner 90). Unluckily, several original plans that were created to enhance abundant and quality foods for citizens and reasonable returns for farmers have been suppressed or substituted with plans tailored at benefiting business groups’ welfare over the farmers’ welfare. Despite the heated criticism, a number of individuals believe that the bill will revolutionize farming in the US. The editor of Washington Post states, “The bill’s drafters call for support because it eradicates the direct payment subsidy and leads a number of incremental improvements” ( In Congress’s Farm Bill 1).

Based on the above analysis, it is apparent that Farm Bills are very contentious and can affect global trade, ecological conservation programs, food security, and the farmers’ welfare. To address these issues, the Farm Bill should be sustainable. As such, the bill should be able to benefit the farmers and enhance food security in America.

Over the last few months, several debates about Farm Bill have been experienced in the USA. Its supporters have applauded the 2014 Farm Bill ( In Congress’s Farm Bill 1). The supporters comprise of crop insurance industries and a number of US senators. The group believes that progress in agricultural projects has been made in the last few years. The crop insurance industries have thanked Congress for passing the bill. The group believes that the bill will enhance their loyalty to crop insurance. As such, the group chairperson believes ten years to come; the industry will be grateful for the benefits brought by the 2014 Farm Bill.

According to the drafters of the bill, the Farm Bill is anticipated to lessen agricultural deficits by $16.6 billion in the next ten years ( In Congress’s Farm Bill 1). About $5.3 billion of these savings will materialize by the year 2018. The bill supporters believe that the bill improves the livelihoods of those living in rural America because they majorly depend on farming as their main source of livelihood. The system will be replaced with a program that will enable farmers to be compensated only when their crops fail. Equally, they believe that the bill will enhance the country’s food security. In general, supporters believe that, in the end, the bill will lower the food stamp agenda and augment expenditure on farmers’ markets.

The bill supporters are wrong because the bill will ultimately affect the livelihoods of poor farmers in America. In the program, farmers will only be compensated when their crops fail or when market prices are not conducive. With this, some of the poor farmers who have not been engaged in farming and earning support from the government will be disadvantaged. The program will eventually affect a number of poor farmers, depending on direct lending programs.

Despite the fact that a number of farmers received lending without engaging any agricultural activities, it should be noted that the money they received encouraged them to conserve the environment. Given that the 2014 Farm Bill has abolished direct lending to these farmers, they will drop their initiatives aimed at conserving the environment. Through this, the ecosystem will be compromised.

Equally, the bill supporters were wrong in passing the bill because it will hurt the seafood industry, meat industry, and poultry industry. It is worrying to note that the bill is comprised of the controversial seafood inspection program that has been intensely criticized by those affected. The programs make seafood from America uncompetitive compared to those of the neighboring countries. In addition, the bill will affect the meat and the poultry industries.

The bill necessitates meat and poultry companies to indicate their countries of origin of their products. Although some industries have supported the move, it should be noted that the program would be unfavorable for small and upcoming countries. As such, the program will be too costly for some industry players. In addition, the rules will affect trade relations within the USA and its neighboring countries. Based on these arguments, it is apparent that the 2014 Farm Bill will affect a number of stakeholders in the industry from small-scale farmers to leading corporations.

The bill is inappropriate because it fails to tackle the changes to the Global Food Support Program championed by Obama’s government. Instead, the bill allocates the United States Agency for International Development with up to $81 million. The money is to be used by the urgency in the purchase of food for the victims in the areas affected. The program abolishes the exportation of food from America to disaster-prone areas. Although the program is cheaper compared to the existing program, it should be noted that it hurts the American agricultural industry. The current program benefits the industry because they promote the farmers and corporations when their products are bought.

Notably, The US Farm Bill has been in existence for over 80 years. The bill was enacted to tackle the falling agricultural prices, countrywide food shortage, soil erosion, agricultural credit, and inequitable export actions (Hey 56). The 2014 Farm Bill was passed early this year by Congress and signed into law by President Obama. Those supporting the bill believe that it lessens agricultural deficits by $16.6 billion in the next ten years. About $5.3 billion of these savings will materialize by the year 2018. Equally, the bill supporters believe that the bill improves the livelihoods of those living in rural America because they majorly depend on farming as their main source of livelihood. However, the bill supporters are misinformed because the bill will cause more harm than good. As such, the bill will affect a number of poor farmers depending on direct lending programs and hurt the meat industry.

Works Cited

Conner, Mary T.. Farm Bill of 2008 major provisions and legislative action . New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010. Print.

Hey, David. Oxford companion to family and local history . 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print.

In Congress’s Farm Bill, the rich get richer . 2014. Web.

Lehrer, Nadine. U.S. Farm Bills and policy reforms: ideological conflicts over world trade, renewable energy, and sustainable agriculture . Amherst, N.Y.: Cambria Press, 2010.Print.

Smith, Andrew F.. Encyclopedia of food and drink in America . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print.

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Essay on Farm Bill 2020

The farmers are the real strength of our nation as more than 60% of people are involved in agriculture. Agriculture accounts for 17% of the total GDP in India. This conveys the importance of farmers and their duties towards our nation. It is very sad to state that farmers are said to be the food providers but themselves lead a hard and miserable life. Farmer Bill 2020 is an initiative made by the government to improve the condition of agricultural sectors and farmers but it has become a great concern due to the farmers protesting against the bill.

Short and Long Essay on Farm Bill in English

Essay on Farm Bill 2020 for students of class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and class 12 in English in 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 500 words. Also find short Farm Bill 2020 essay 10 lines.

Farm Bill 2020 Essay 10 Lines (100 - 150 Words)

1) The Farm Bills or Indian agriculture Act 2020 were proposed in September 2020.

2) This bill was proposed on behalf of the existing conditions of farmers.

3) This bill aimed to benefit farmers and promote trade.

4) It allowed farmers to sell their goods anywhere in the country.

5) Farmers didn’t find necessary information regarding MSP in this bill.

6) They also feared chances of exploitation due to private parties’ investment.

7) Farmers were not consulted or discussed the farm bills by the government.

8) Farmers were not satisfied with the bills and protested against them.

9) The farm laws were stayed by the Supreme Court on 12 January 2021.

10) The farm bills were canceled on 19 November 2021 due to mass opposition.

Short Essay 250 Words

Introduction

India is a country that is known as an agricultural economy. More than 50% of people of India reside in villages and depend upon agriculture for their needs. Every program and policy is launched by the government to being reform in the agricultural sector.

The inception of Farm Bill 2020

There have been many schemes and policies initiated in the past after independence by different governments for the welfare of the agricultural sector and farmers. This is sad to say that despite introducing several schemes and policies for agriculture and farming the condition of farmers in India is still poor. Recently the government of India has launched a Farm Bill in September 2020 for the welfare of the agricultural sector. It is introduced with a vision for uplifting the condition of the agricultural sector and farmers till 2022.

Will the Farm Bill 2020 bring reform for the farmers?

The Farm Bill 2020 has been passed by the government of India to benefit the agricultural sector and the farmers. The farmers had started protesting after the passing of the Farm Bill 2020. It is because they are not satisfied with this scheme. They are demanding for strengthening of APMC’s. They want the government sector to invest in the agricultural sector instead of the private sector.

They fear that the private sector will have a monopoly in the agricultural sector. This will worsen the condition of the farmers having small landholdings. They have to live at the mercy of the corporate sector and the private sectors will only think about their own benefits. Therefore according to the farmers, the farm bill is not going to bring any reform for the farmers.

The bill should have been passed after discussing with the farmers and then there would be no confusion in the mind of farmers about Farm Bill 2020.

The long essay provided below will give a clear idea about the Farmer Bill. It will be useful for students in competitive exams, essay writing, assignments, etc.

Why Farmers Protested against Farm Bill - Long Essay (1000 Words)

‘Jai jawan Jai Kisan’ was the beautiful slogan given by Lal Bahadur Shastri. It was given by him in the honor of farmers and soldiers for their contribution to the nation. The farmers are the backbone of India. They do a lot of hard work and feed everyone in the nation. The schemes and programs launched by the government are of great importance to the farmers. Various programs and schemes need to be launched to give a better life to farmers and height to the agricultural sector.

What is Farmer Bill 2020?

The launching of the Farmer Bill is the medium to transform the agricultural sector. A set of three acts constitute to form the Farmer Bill 2020 and were passed in the monsoon session of the parliament in 2020. The bills were first passed by the Lok Sabha on 17 September 2020 and further by Rajya Sabha on 20 September 2020. The President finally gave his assent to the Farmer Bill on 27 September 2020. The three bills that form the Farmer Bill can be stated as:

What is the Purpose of Introducing Farm Bill 2020?

Agriculture plays an important role in strengthening the economy of India. Most of the people in our country live in villages and earn their living by practicing farming. The system of Zamindaari was prevalent after India got independent from British rule. The farmers used to sell the agricultural produce to the zamindars or landlords. They use to pay very less to the farmers.

Many times it happened that the farmers took money as loans from the landlords and in return, they have to pay hefty interests. The Zamindaari system was greatly a form of exploiting the farmers. The farmers were subject to injustice. Further, after the landlord system was abolished by the government, the Government introduced a new farming procedure.

The APMC (Agriculture Produce Market Committee) or Mandis set by the Government for selling the agricultural produce. It was set to benefit the farmers but the scenario was something else. The middlemen, retailers started making money in this provision. They used to buy the products at low rates from the farmers and sold them to the traders at high prices.

Farmer received very less money after selling the products and there it can be said that the provision was not implemented well and was not benefitting to farmers. The Government has introduced the new farm bill to put these improper activities to an end thereby benefitting the farmers.

Pros and Cons of Farm Bill 2020

The Farm Bill 2020 includes three acts that are meant to provide certain benefits to the farmers and uplift the agricultural sector in India. The provisions in the bill aim to bring the agricultural sector to great benefit along with raising the income of the Indian Farmers.

Is Farm Bill 2020 Good or Bad?

The introduction of the Farmer Bill 2020 is referred to as a watershed moment in Indian History by our honorable Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The bills present a layout that is for the benefit of the agricultural sector. Despite relating it for the welfare of farmers, it has received a negative response in form of a nationwide protest by the farmers in India especially Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, etc.

Reasons for Protesting against Farm Bill

The first and main reason for the protest against the bill is the sudden introduction of the Farm Bill 2020. It was necessary to discuss the bill with the farmers, opposition and state government before passing the bills. It would then not create misconceptions about the bill. Secondly, the farmers’ fear of the Minimum Support Price for the Products would end. The price of the goods would be negligible in the market if there is no MSP and therefore the farmers will have to sell their products at loss. The MSP was of great benefit to the farmers.

Farmers fear that the entry of private parties’ investment would lead to the supremacy of the corporators in the agricultural sector and would exploit the small farmers. Therefore it can be said that Farm Bill is not justifying as must be discussed before being passed and becoming a law in the nation.

The condition of the farmers in India is not very good. They have been subject to injustice for many years even after the introduction of schemes and plans in the agricultural sector. The present government has introduced the Farm Bill 2020 to push out the Indian Farmers out of this agony. The massive protest against the bill and shout of the farmers and state government to withdraw the bills are of great concern and is the current issue in the entire nation.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

Ans . The ordinance for the Farm Bill was issued on 5 June 2020.

Ans . The bill has been enacted by Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha on 17 and 20 September 2020.

Ans . It stands for Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee set by the government for the farmers.

Ans . The farmers of India are protesting against the recently passed Farm Bill 2020.

Ans . It stands for Minimum Support Price and it is the price stated by the government to save the farmers against any fall in prices of agricultural produce.

Ans . Minimum Support Price decides the rates of 23 crops in India.

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Diwakar Sharma

Diwakar Sharma has been a blogger for many years. As he knows well that readers behold the beauty of perception, so he writes to deliver the knowledge in an interesting, informative, and creative manner. He loves traveling and spending time with nature to enhance his creativity and consciousness. He loves Indian Culture and always keen to explore the depth of it.

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USDA Farm Bill - Essay Sample

Introduction.

Most countries depend on agriculture to about thirty percent. Governments establish a set of laws and provisions that support the farming to realize the best out of the activity (Peshin, 2013). For instance, to promote the lives of all Americans, the US government chose to enact a bill that will affect the food, attire, and fuels. Among other measures, the most famous enactment is the USDA Farm Bill. This work explores the USDA Farm bill in the aspects of what it is, what it includes and its role in the US farming sector.

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USDA Farm Bill Explained

USDA as an acronym means the 'United States Department of Agriculture' (USDA Farm Bill, 2018). USDA Farm bill, therefore, refers to the bills and legislative Principles fueled by the US Department of Agriculture to improve farming activities in the country. The bill's history dates back to 1985, with the latest changes taking place in 2018. Initial versions of the bill failed to consider the criticality of Agricultural sector as they never provided for enough funding of the farming. The famous version is the 2018 Farm bill. The bill's pillar was the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. In this act, the government formulated legislation that allowed increased expenditures on agriculture. After both the Senate and the House passing the bill, the president, Mr. Donald Trump, signed to let for the $867 billion budget on the sector. (USDA Farm Bill, 2018).

Importance of the Bill

American's, and to extend the US government stands to benefit much from the bill in different ways. Most of the benefits of the law derived from the provisions in the bill that promotes the activities of even the smallest farmer. The discussion below illustrates the most significant benefits of the proposal to farmers.

The Bill Provides for Crop Insurance

One of the provisions of the farm bill is ensuring crops for both veteran and beginning farmers and ranchers. Through the Federal Crop Insurance Account, the regulation authorizes insurance of crops. Authorities arrived at this mendment because of its increasing importance as the primary tool for managing the risks for farmers. Through the Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO), the bill addresses part of losses that individual crop insurance policies do not cover. Implementation of the farm bill will serve as a tool for farmers to acquire protection against losses from low harvesting, crop, and farm revenue (Peshin, 2013). Without the involvement of the federal government, multi-peril crop insurance would be quite expensive for producers (Title XI).

Provides Subsidies to Farmers

Trade is vital to agriculture, and the export of goods like cotton is critical to the US. Most of the control of trade lies in the Ways and Means Committee and the Finance Committee in the House and Senate respectively. In the two committees, agriculture represents the nation's most active trade divisions. The two houses thus push for the implementation of the bill.

Consequently, the U.S. traders today enjoy low tariffs and trade protections on agricultural goods from any nation (Reimer & Prokopy, 2014). The benefits arise from the use of a collection of import tariffs and export subsidies to protect their farmers. Also, the bill has policies that incentivize the growing of staple crops like wheat and cotton (Title III).

The Bill Ensures Adequate Food Supply

Through the incentives and subsidies, the bill encourages farmers to engage in agriculture. A farmer diligently participates in the activity following their procrastination of the expected profit. The provision of incentives and subsidies means that the cost of production reduces. Also, low trade tariffs promote people like coffee traders. The effect of these two aspects is the overall low expenses in farming and supply chain and leads to profits. Higher profits attract more farmers to join the activity. The bill also provides for training of farmers which lead to increased yield. Higher yields transform to the continuous food supply (Reimer & Prokopy, 2014).

What Does the Farm Bill Include

USDA farm bill contains twelve different titles. Each title defines a particular requirement providing benefit to farmers in a specific way. The discussion below explains provisions of some the contents of prominent titles in the bill.

Commodities

The 2018 version of the bill lifted the restriction of the previous version on small-scale farmers. (Reimer & Prokopy, 2014). With the proper use of land and economic incentives, a single farming family would produce more and threaten prominent traders' motives. The bill thus restricted production capacity of individual farmers to stabilize US agricultural market. Currently, the farm bill enforcers work with farming families to increase farm productivity and take care of the land. The bill also provides income assistance without influencing the marketplace. The farm bill is also compatible with US goals for free trade and requirements under the World Trade Organization (Title I).

Conservation

The bill improves on the 1985 provisions and focusses on the working lands cost-sharing through Conservation Security Program (CSP). The bill raised the spending on conservation programs to about $5 billion per annum. These programs are essential for farmers, as conservation practices do not automatically translate to profits. The NRCS now works with farm families to form the most sustainable and productive agricultural industry (Reimer & Prokopy, 2014). In the 2002 Farm Bill, the Agriculture Committees oversees the U.S. Forest Service, which is part of USDA. The Department of the Interior manages the federal land and forestry programs. Forestry programs are subject to appropriations (Title II).

The farm bill includes language that aims to eliminate double or improper payments of the benefits that derive from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). In this section, the bill requires states to sign off requests for waivers from work requirements that they currently invoke particularly in areas of high unemployment or poverty. However, food supports activists' targets the defeat of the efforts to limit SNAP's services and reach. The bill allows free expression of ideas. A good example includes the case when critical associations in the food industry expressed their regret over the law. In their dissatisfaction, the group claimed that the bill fails to reform the sugar program (Title III).

Through the farm bill, SNAP was mandated to play the 'food stamps' role in the US. The law provides for 78 percent of all mandatory spending to go on Nutrition programs. These plans qualify people for cash assistance or vouchers for qualified purchases for food that bases on income and asset tests (Title IV).

The bill provides for credit services to farmers. Most Farmers only have land but do not have the funding to their farming activities. Through the Farm Service Agency (FSA), the bill direct loans and also guarantees loans with partner banks and farm credit institutions to farmers. Through annual appropriations, the government funds these loan programs. The bill provides for new provisions to help beginning Farmers and ranchers (Title V).

Rural Development

This title supports rural business and community initiatives like rural infrastructures and hospitals. Funded by annual appropriations, the loan and grant programs operate at a reasonably low cost. Before the Rural Electrification Act (REA), commercial providers had no economic incentive to stretch their lines into more sparsely populated areas. Post REA, have brought lines to virtually all rural areas. Rural development has facilitated other types of development and investment (Title VI)

Research and Extension

The bill provides federal funds to states to establish agricultural experiment stations. The bill includes a cooperative extension. The extensions incorporate spreading the results of agricultural research to the farmers. Through the National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), the bill supports the coordinating and funding research and extension in research institutions. The Farm Bill established a program to train, educate, outreach and offer technical support to beginning farmers and ranchers (Title VII). Farm Bill supports specialty crop and organic farming operations with provisions of trade promotion and risk management assistance. The bill also provides for funding for pest and disease management and disaster prevention. According to USDA, sales of specialty crops account for nearly one-third of U.S. crop cash receipts and one-fifth of U.S. agricultural exports (Title X).

Negative Aspects of The Bill

The bill fails to provide solutions during the farm crisis regarding the requirement of the fair pricing, supply management programs, and attention to the climate crisis. Loopholes in the bill allow established farmers to exploit new framers. The bill does not provide additional mandatory funding for the school leading to rigid regulations that do not allow school food authorities to procure local and regional food and farm products (Morath, 2014). The bill lacks important research priorities on climate change and does not provide for funding of plant breeding research and personal development accounts that takes a good share of large-scale farmers (Morath, 2014).

USDA Farm Bill is a critical enactment that influences America's agricultural activities. Farming in the country grows as a result of the available subsidies, crop insurance, support for research and sustainable agriculture. However, to optimize agricultural production, the government should work to seal the issues of the farm crisis, protect beginning farmers and develop breeds that go with the current climate change.

Morath, S. J. (2014). The Farm Bill: A Wicked Problem Seeking a Systematic Solution. Duke Envtl. L. & Pol'y F., 25, 389. Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/delp25&div=14&id=&page=

Peshin, R. (2013). Farmers' adoptability of integrated pest management of cotton revealed by a new methodology. Agronomy for sustainable development, 33(3), 563-572. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-012-0127-4

Reimer, A. P., & Prokopy, L. S. (2014). Farmer participation in US Farm Bill conservation programs. Environmental management, 53(2), 318-332. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S026483771500112X

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